COMPOSITE FAMILY 



283 



decurrent bases of the entire hoary leaves and terminal heads, with 

 very long, needle-like spines and yellow florets, occurs as a 

 casual in cultivated land. — Fl. July — September. Annual. 



35. Cichorium (Chicory).— Stout herbs with a milky juice; 

 leaves simple, radical, and scattered ; heads axillary ; outer bracts 

 5, small, adpressed ; inner 8, reflexed after flowering ; florets all 

 ligulate, 5-toothed ; pappus a double row of small, chaffy scales. 

 (Name of Classical origin.) 



1. C. Intybus (Succory, 

 or Wild Chicory).— Well 

 distinguished by its tough, 

 angled, alternately branch- 

 ing stems, clasping leaves, 

 and large heads of delicate 

 blue, ligulate florets, each 

 of which is distinctly 5- 

 toothed. — Waste places, 

 especially on chalk. Sir 

 James Edward Smith, the 

 founder of the Linnean 

 Society, thus alludes to his 

 early attraction to this 

 beautiful flower : — " From 

 the earliest period of my 

 recollection, when I can 

 just remember tugging in- 

 effectually with all my 

 infant strength at the tough 

 stalks of the Wild Succory, 

 on the chalky hills about 

 Norwich, I have found the 

 study of nature an increas- 

 ing source of unalloyed 

 pleasure, and a consolation 

 and a refuge under every 

 pain." — Fl. July — October. 



lapsana communis {Common Nipplewort). 



Perennial. 



36. Arnoseris (Lamb's Succory). — A small plant with milky 

 juice ; radical leaves and a few small heads of yellow florets with an 

 involucre of about 1 2 bracts, converging and strongly keeled after 

 flowering. (Name from the Greek arnos, a lamb, seris, succory.) 



1. A. minima (Lamb's or Swine's Succory). — The only species; 

 stem branching cymosely, each branch overtopping its predecessor, 

 thickened and hollow upwards, 3 — 8 in. high ; leaves radical, 



