450 CUPULfFER,E 



There are three well-marked varieties : var. pedunculdta, the 

 White Oak, with sessile leaves, downy beneath when young, and 

 acorns on long stalks ; var. intermedia, the Durmast Oak, pro- 

 bably a hybrid, with short stalks to both leaves and acorns, leaves 

 remaining always downy beneath, and very dark green acorns ; 

 and var. sessiliflora, the Red Oak, with downy twigs, long leaf- 

 stalks, leaves smooth beneath, and nearly sessile acorns. — Woods ; 

 common. The tree is attacked by numerous insects producing 

 various galls, such as oak-apples, marble-galls, leaf-spangles, arti- 

 choke-galls, currant-galls, &c. — Fl. April, May. Perennial. 



Castanea SatIva (Spanish Chestnut). 



*6. Castanea (Chestnut).— Trees with long slender catkins, 

 the staminate ones erect ; stamens 8 — 20 ; carpellate -flowers 3 to- 

 gether within a 4-lobed, very prickly capsule ; stigmas 6 ; ovary 

 5 — 8-chambered ; nut large, surmounted by 6-lobed perianth, 1- 

 chambered, 1 — 3-seeded. (Name, the Classical Latin name of the 

 tree.) 



1.* C. sativa (Sweet or Spanish Chestnut).— A large and hand- 

 some tree with deeply furrowed bark ; glossy, oblong-lanceolate 

 leaves with bristly serrations ; catkins 5 — 6 in. long. — Parks and 

 plantations ; common, but not indigenous. — Fl. May. Perennial. 



7. Fagus (Beech). — Trees with deciduous (or, in foreign species, 

 evergreen) leaves; staminate catkins globose; stamens 8—40, with 



