ORCHID FAMILY 467 



11. Orchis. — Herbaceous plants with tuberous roots; leaves 

 mostly radical, sessile, and sheathing ; flowers not stalked, with a 

 hood formed of the lateral petals ; lip anterior, 3-lobed, with an 

 empty spur ; pollinia 2, distinct, with their glands in one pouch. 

 (Name, the Greek name of the genus.) 



* Tubers ovoid 



1. 0. hircina (Lizard Orchis). — Stem 1 — 3 feet high ; flowers 

 large, in a loose spike ; sepals and lateral petals green, spotted with 

 red ; lip over an inch long, strap-shaped, spirally coiled in bud, 

 white, with red spots. — Woods on chalk in Kent, Sussex, and 

 Wilts. ; very rare. The flowers have an unpleasant goat-like 

 smell.- — Fl. May. Perennial. 



2. . pyramiddlis (Pyramidal Orchis). — Stem 6 — 18 in. high; 

 leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers small, deep rose-colour, rarely 

 white, in a dense pyramidal spike ; lip with 3 equal, oblong, 

 truncate lobes, and a slender spur longer than the ovary. — Lime- 

 stone pastures ; frequent. — Fl. July, Ai gust. Perennial. 



3. 0. ustuldta (Dark-winged or Dwarf Orchis). — Stem 4 — 6 in. 

 high ; leaves oblong, acute ; flowers many, small, in a dense oblong 

 spike, dark crimson at first, and, therefore, at the top of the spike, 

 becoming white later, that is, lower down; spur much shorter 

 than the ovary. — Upland calcareous pastures; not common. — Fl. 

 May, June. Perennial. 



4. 0. purpurea (Great Brown-winged, or Old Woman Orchis). — 

 Stem stout, 1 — 3 feet high ; leaves oblong, blunt ; flowers in a dense 

 spike, greenish-red, with a dark hood, light rose-coloured, 4-lobed, 

 flat lip, with raised, rough, red points, and short spur.— Woods on 

 chalk in Kent and Sussex; rare. — Fl. May, June. Perennial. 



5. 0. militdris (Military Orchis). — A closely allied but smaller 

 species, with pale red flowers, with a pink hood, pink and white, 4- 

 lobed lip with narrow, upcurved segments, and raised, rough, red 

 points, and short spur. — Chalky hills in the south-east of England ; 

 rare. — Fl. May, June. Perennial. 



6. 0. simia (Monkey Orchis). — A closely allied but more slender 

 form, with dark red hood and the lobes of the lip all long, narrow, 

 and crimson. — Chalky hills in Berkshire, Oxfordshire, and Kent ; 

 rare. — Fl. May. Perennial. 



7. O.mbrio (Green-winged Meadow Orchis). — Stem 6 — 12 in. 

 high ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers few, in a loose spike, deep crimson, 

 rarely white ; blunt, lateral sepals, and petals strongly marked with 

 parallel green veins, and bent upwards to form a hood over the 

 column; lip pale, spotted with crimson; spur shorter than the 

 ovary, blunt. — Meadows ; frequent. — Fl. May, June. Perennial. 



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