PINE FAMILY 593 



Pine, and the Cluster Pine (P. Pindster) ; Canada balsam, 

 obtained from Abies balsdmea; Kauri gum and other ^kinds of 

 Dammar or varnish resin, obtained from species of Agathis in 

 the Southern Hemisphere ; the bark of the Hemlock Spruce 

 (Tsuga canadensis), so largely used in tanning; and the wood 

 of the so-called Pencil Cedars (Juniperus virginidna and /. 

 bermudidna) are among the other valuable products of the 

 Order. 



pfNUS SYLV£STRIS {Scots Fir). 



i. PfNUS. — Cone woody; scales persistent. 

 2. JuNfPERUS. — Cone fleshy, berry-like. 



I. PfNUS (Pine). — Evergreen trees with leaves of two kinds, 

 spirally arranged, scale-leaves on the long shoots, and needle- 

 shaped leaves in clusters of 2, 3, or 5 on short shoots; flowers^ 

 monoecious ; staminate cones in spikes ; stamens 2-chambered ; 

 pollen-grains with two air-bladders ; cone-scales becoming woody 

 and terminating above in a rhomboid mass {apophysis) with a 

 deciduous point, persistent ; ovules 2, inverted at the base of each 

 scale. (Name, the Classical Latin name.) 

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