APPENDIX. 



LIST OF THE BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



[The number following the common name corresponds to the number in the 

 A. O. U. Check-list of 1886.] 



The following list, embracing three hundred and ten species and 

 sub-species,* is based chiefly on observations made during the past 

 ten years in eastern Pennsylvania, especially in the counties of Ches- 

 ter, Delaware and Lancaster. Birds which breed in this State are 

 designated by an asterisk (*) which precedes the scientific name. 

 Most of the species thus marked are common during the summer sea- 

 son ; some few remain with us all months of the year, they are so 

 indicated by the word resident. The terms straggler and accidental 

 visitant is applied to birds which when found here have wandered 

 from their common range e. g. Dendroica townsendi. The words 

 winter resident signify that a bird is found in this region during 

 the winter season. For instance the Tree Sparrow (S. monticola), 

 is a winter resident; it occurs in Pennsylvania from about October 15 

 to probably the middle of April, when it returns' to the far north to 

 breed. Spring and fall migrants are those which winter beyond the 

 southern limits of Pennsylvania, and pass through our State in the 

 months of March, April and May, and after rearing their young in 

 more northern States, or as some of them do, in the Arctic regions, 

 return again in August, September and October to their winter re- 

 sorts. I doubt not that a thorough investigation of our mountainous 

 regions and larger water courses will show that other species occur 

 here as summer residents or as spring and fall migrants. In the 

 preparation of this list I have been materially aided by manuscript 

 notes kindly furnished by the late John Krider, of Philadelphia, and 

 and the late H. B. Graves, of Berks county, but formerly a resident 

 of West Chester, Pa. Quotations have also been made from Robert 

 Ridgway's Manual of N. A. firds, Dr. Elliott Coues' Key to N. A. 



*"A variation, usually geographical, of a species, but not accorded full specific rauk o n 

 account of the incompleteness of its differentiation ; hence, usually a geographical race or 

 form." Nomenclature of Colors, by Robert Ridoway. 



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