BATRACHIA. 195 



maxillaries, and usually also on the vomer. Rana esculenta L., the green Frog. 

 Green with dark spots and yellow longitudinal streaks on the back. The male 

 has two vocal sacs. Leaves its place of concealment at the end of April, and 

 spawns at the end of May or the beginning of June. On the banks of stagnant 

 water. R. temporaries L., the brown frog, with dark spots on the head in the 

 auditory region. It appears very early, and copulates in March ; but only 

 remains in the water to spawn, and then frequents meadows and fields. Steen- 

 strup has divided this frog, which is widely divided over Europe, into two 

 species (R. oxyrkina, platyrliina). R. mugiens Baud., Bull-frog, North America ; 

 Pseudis paradoxa L., South America, distinguished by the size of its larvae. 



Fam. Pelobatidae. Land-frogs, Toad-frogs. With more or less warty, rough, 

 and richly glandular skin, and clumsy toad-like form ; with teeth on the 

 maxillaries. Alytes obstetricans Laur. (fig. 626) ; Pelobates fuscus Laur. ; 

 Bombinator igneus Eos. (Unke, Feuerkrb'te). 



Fam. Bufonidae. Toads. Of clumsy build, with warty glandular skin (ear- 

 glands) and toothless jaws. The posterior feet have five digits, and are but 

 little longer than the anterior, so that the animal is unable to spring with the 

 same agility as the Frogs ; but they can in many cases run with great speed. 

 Bufo vulgaris Laur., the common Toad ; B. viridis Laur. (variabilis'), the green 

 Toad ; B. calamita Laur. (Kreuzkrote). 



Tribe 3. Discodactylia. Batrachians with tongue and with broad 

 digits, the points of which are provided with suctorial discs. 



Fam. Hylidae. Tree-frogs. With maxillary teeth and without parotids. 

 Hyla arborea L., Tree-frog, cosmopolitan ; Notodelphys ovifera Weinl., 

 Mexico. The female has a brood-pouch on the posterior part of the back. The 

 larvas have bell-shaped external branchial vesicles. Phyllomedusa bicolor Bodd., 

 South America ; \Dendrobates tinctorius Schn., Cayenne. 



CHAPTER VII. 

 Class III. REPTILIA.* 



Scaly or armoured cold-Hooded animals with exclusively pulmonary 

 respiration and two ventricles incompletely separated from one another. 

 Embryos with an amnion and an allantois. 



The body-form of the Eeptilia varies far more than does that of 

 the Amphibia, but repeats on the whole the types described for the 

 latter class. The trunk still plays the principal part in locomotion, 

 and accordingly the vertebral column presents a uniform segmenta- 

 tion adapted for serpentine movements. The body, except in the 



* J. G. Schneider, " Historia Amphibiorum naturalis et literaria." 1799 to 

 1801. 



A. Gunther, " The Reptiles of British India," London, 1864. 

 E. Schreiber, " Herpetologia europjea," Braunschweig. 1875. 



