ARTIODACTYLA. 



315 



digits are placed behind (fig. 670 c). PTiacocJicerus athioplcus Cuv., 

 Wart-hog, South Africa ; Ph. ^Elianus Kiipp. (Sus africanus L.), found from 

 Abyssinia to Guinea ; Porous tabyrussa L., The Babyrussa, Moluccas ; 

 Dicotyles, Peccary. D. torqnatus Cuv. ; D. labiatus Cuv., America ; Potamo- 

 chcerus africanus Schreb. (larvatus Fr. Cuv.), South-West Africa ; Sits europceus 



1-1 4-4 3-3 



. p. 



I'l 



3-3' 



Pall. (& scrofa L.), Wild Boar. Dentition *. "- c. *~. p. m. 4 -'- 4 . m. 



Is widely distributed from 

 India to Western Europe 

 and North Africa. Is the 

 ancestral stock of a great 

 number of races of our 

 domestic pig ; though on 

 the other hand the pigs 

 of China, Cochin-china, 

 and Siam, and the Nea- 

 politan, Hungarian, and 

 Andalusian pigs, the small 

 Bundtner pig and the Peat 

 pig from the more recent 

 stone period (neolithic) of 

 the Swiss lake dwellings are derived (Nathusius) from a special ancestral 

 species ( indicus*), which is not known with certainty in the wild state, but 

 is allied to the S. vittatus Mull. Schl. from Java and Sumatra. 



Fam. Obesa. Of unwieldy shape, with large massive head, and broad 

 truncated, swollen snout. Hippopotamus ampliibius L. Dentition : 

 . 2-2 1-1 4-4 3-3 



FIG. 692. Skull of Sus scrofafera. 



iluvium of Central and Southern Europe. 



H. major 



Sub-order 2. Artiodactyla ruminantia.* With incomplete den- 



tition (fig. 693), in 

 which the upper in- 

 cisors and canines are 

 usually not devel- 

 oped. On the other 

 hand there are eight, 

 rarely only six shovel-- 

 shaped incisors in the 

 lower jaw. The 

 general form of the 

 grinders affords tolerably constant characteristics. The quad- 



Fio. 693. Skull of Cervus can.adensis. 



* Cf. especially G. J. Sundevall, " Methodische Uebersicht iiber die wieder- 

 kauenden Thiere," 2 Theile. 1847. 

 Riitimeyer, " Fauna der Pfahlbauten." 



Kutimeyer, "Versuch einer natiirlichen Geschichte des Rindes." In den 

 . der Schrveizer natnrforsch. Gesellscli., Bd. 22 and 23. 



