PHIilATES, 



333 



Arctopitheci, have flat or 

 arched nails. In structure 

 and function the hand is 

 considerably inferior to 

 that of man. The pelvis 

 is long and extended, but 

 in the Anthropomorpha it 

 is shorter and more like 

 that of man, though it is 

 always flatter. The tibia 

 and fibula are always 

 separate and movable. 

 The posterior extremity 

 ends in all cases in a 

 well-developed, prehensile 

 foot, which, according to 

 the osseous structure and 

 muscular arrangements, we 

 are not justified in calling 

 a hand. The opposable 

 hallux always has a nail, 

 while the other toes may 

 be armed wj.th claws (Arc- 

 to pithed}. By the arrange- 

 ment of the hind limbs the 

 Apes are admirably adapted 

 for climbing and jumping. 

 On the other hand they 

 are less fitted for walking 

 or running upon the four 

 limbs, in consequence of the 

 position of the foot ; the 

 leg is directed obliquely 

 inwards, so that only the 

 external edge of the foot 

 rests on the ground. The 

 gait is, therefore, clumsy, 

 except in the Arctopitheci. 



.. . . FIG. 703. Skeleton of Gorilla engena. St, Sternum ; 



Iheir movements On the So, Scapula; Ac, Acromion ; PC, Coracoid process ; 



, , 111 r Cl, Clavicle ; H, Humerua ; R, Radius ; U, Ulna ; 



boughs and branches OI Os, Sacrum; Jl, Ilium; Js, Ischium; P, Pubis; 



i i / , T Fe, Femur ; Pa, Patella ; T, Tibia ; Fl, Fibula ; 



trees, which are effected c . Calcaneum ; A, Astragalus. 



