No. 14.] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS. I5I 



bordering tide water in Milford (Eames). May; fruit Sept. 

 — Oct. 



The wood is very heavy, hard and durable. 

 Quercus prinoides Willd.( like Ouercus Prinus, the Chestnut 



Oak). 

 Scrub Chestnut Oak. Chinquapin Oak. 



Occasional or frequent. Dry woods, thickets and hillside 

 pastures, and sometimes in open sandy ground. May ; fruit 

 Sept.— Oct. 

 Quercus Prinus L. (classical name for an evergreen oak). 

 Chestnut or Rock Chestnut Oak. 



Rocky ridges and hillsides. Occasional near the coast; 

 frequent or common elsewhere. May ; fruit Sept, — Oct. 



The wood is durable in contact with the soil, ranking 

 among the oaks next to that of the White Oak for railroad 

 ties. The bark is rich in tannin and is much used in tanning 

 leather, 

 Quercus rubra L. (red). 

 Red or Champion Oak. 



Frequent. Woods in all soils and various situations. 

 May ; fruit Sept. — Oct. 



The timber of this species as well as that of Quercus coc- 

 cinea and Quercus velutina is relatively poor, but is more used 

 than formerly on account of the scarcity of better. The bark 

 of all three species is used in tanning and also contains a dye. 

 Quercus palustris Muench, (of swamps). 

 Pin Oak. Swamp Spanish Oak. 



Swamps and borders of ponds and streams. Common in 

 the Connecticut River valley and near the coast in south- 

 western Connecticut ; occasional or local elsewhere. May ; 

 fruit Sept.— Oct. 



The timber is relatively of a poor quality. Grows more 

 rapidly than most other species of oak and is often planted 

 as a shade or ornamental tree, 

 Quercus coccinea Muench. ( scarlet). 

 Scarlet Oak. 



Frequent. Moist or dry woodlands. May; fruit Sept, — 

 Oct. 



The foliage takes a very brilliant color in autumn. 



