No. 14.] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS. I53 



Ulmus alata Michx. (winged). 

 Wahoo, Winged or Witch Elm. 



Rare. Spread from cultivation to roadsides and fence- 

 rows : Old Lyme (H. S. Clark), Plainville (J. N. Bishop). 

 May. Adventive from the South. 



Often planted as a shade tree in the South. 



CELTIS L. Hackberry. Nettle Tree. 

 Celtis occidentalis L. (western). 



Hackberry. Sugarberry. American Nettle Tree. False Elm. 



Hoop Ash. 



Occasional to frequent. Dry or poor soils, especially in 

 river valleys and along the coast. May ; fruit Sept., and often 

 persisting through the winter. 



The var. pumila Muhl. (dwarf) is rare or occasional in 

 the Housatonic River Valley in Kent, New Milford and New- 

 town (Eames), and Oxford (Harger, Eames). 



A small tree of natural beauty, but the leaves and small 

 branches are usually much galled by insects. The wood is 

 soft, weak, elastic, and easily splits, and is of little value. The 

 bark is medicinal. The fruit is edible. 



CANNABIS L. Hemp. 

 Cannabis sativa L. (sown). 

 Common Hemp. 



Rare or occasional. Waste places throughout. July — 

 Sept. Adventive or naturalized from Asia. 



Grown in India, it is officinal as Cannabis indica, has very 

 marked medicinal properties, and is the source of the intoxi- 

 cant " hashish." Its fibre is one of the important textile pro- 

 ducts, valuable for coarse cloth, cordage, etc., and its seeds 

 yield an oil used in paints, soap and culinary preparations. 



HUMULUS L. Hop. 

 Humulus Lupulus L. (from Lupus, its classical name). 

 Common Hop. 



Occasional. River banks, woods and waste places, often 

 as an escape from cultivation. July — Aug. ; fruit Sept. 



The strobiles are used in the manufacture of beer, ale and 

 yeast ; also in medicine and are officinal. A good arbor-plant. 



