No. 14.] FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS. 223 



Chokeberry. Red Chokeberry. Dogberry. 



Bogs and swamps or sometimes in dry situations. Rare 

 or occasional in the southwestern part of the state from Hunt- 

 ington westward (Eames). May — early June; fruit Sept., 

 often persisting through the winter. 

 Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L.f., var. atropurpurea (Britton) Robin- 

 son (dark-purple). 

 Aronia atropurpurea Britton. 

 Chokeberry. Purple Chokeberry. 



Shrubby swamps and low woods and thickets. Apparently 



rare in northern districts, becoming occasional or frequent 



near the coast. May — mid-June; fruit Sept., long persistent. 



Most reports of Pyrus arbutifolia should be referred to 



this variety. 



Pyrus melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. (black-fruited). 

 Pyrus arbutifolia L. f., var. melanocarpa Hook. 

 Aronia nigra Britton. 

 Chokeberry. Black Chokeberry. 



Occasional to common. Bogs, swamps and thickets, some- 

 times in dry or sterile soil, even on exposed ledges at all 

 elevations. May — early June ; Fruit Aug. — Sept. 



Pyrus americana (Marsh.) DC. 



Sorbus americana Marsh. 



American Mountain Ash. Rowan or Service Tree. Moun- 

 tain Sumac. Dogberry. 

 Rare or local. Swamps and about ponds or sometimes on 



dry ledges or in rocky woods: Stafford (A. W. Driggs. 



Graves), Durham and Meriden (Harger), Granby (I. Hol- 



comb), Winchester (W. M. Shepardson), Norfolk (Miss 



M. C. Seymour), Canaan (Bissell), Salisbury (A. W. 



Driggs), Kent (E. H. Austin & Eames). May — June. 

 The very astringent bark and berries are employed 



medicinally. 

 Pyrus Aucuparia (L.) Ehrh. (used in bird-catching). 



Sorbus Aucuparia L. 



European Mountain Ash. Rowan Tree. 



Rare. Escaped from cultivation to open woodland in Kil- 



lingly (Bissell). June. Native of Europe. 



The bark and berries are employed medicinally. 



