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A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY 



but numerous forms display the spore-producing layer in 

 other ways. For example, the pore Fungi are so named 

 because they have pore-like depressions or tubes lined by 

 the basidium-layer, instead of gills. In addition to umbrella- 

 like forms among the pore Fungi (Fig. 148), there are the 

 numerous bracket Fungi, which appear as hard hoof-like 

 outgrowths on tree trunks (Fig. 149), stumps, etc. Some 



FIG. 149. A bracket-fungus (pore-fungus) growing on red oak. 



of these bracket Fungi are perennial, showing annual lay- 

 ers of growth, as the common touchwood or punk. Other 

 mushrooms have the umbrella-like bodies, but instead of 

 either gills or pores, there are spine-like processes coated by 

 the spore-forming layer (Fig. 150); others appear as 



