ANGIOSPERMS 



called the Leguminosce, a legume being a special kind of 

 pod (Fig. 229). When a pod is derived from a compound 

 pistil, forming a fruit of several cham- 

 bers, it is more commonly called a cap- 

 sule; and capsules differ from one an- 

 other in the way the chambers are 

 opened (Fig. 230). 



b. Indehiscent fruits. The most com- 

 mon form of dry fruits that do not open 

 is that in which the modified ovary wall 

 invests the solitary seed so closely that 

 the fruit leoks like a seed, and is com- 

 monly called a seed. The grain of cere- 

 als is such a seed-like fruit, as is also the 

 akene of sun-flowers, dandelions, etc. 

 (Fig. 231). 



(2) FLESHY FRUITS. In some cases 

 the whole ovary becomes a thin-skinned 

 pulpy mass in which the seeds are em- 

 bedded, as the grape, currant, gooseberry, tomato, e'tc., 

 such a fruit being a berry. Modifications of the berry are 

 seen in such fruits as the orange 

 and the lemon, in which the skin 

 is leathery; and in such fruits as 

 melons and pumpkins, which be- 

 come covered with a hard rind. 

 Very distinct from these are the 

 stone-fruits (drupes), as peach, plum, 

 cherry, etc., in which the ovary wall 

 ripens in two layers, the inner one 

 being very hard, forming the "stone," 

 and the outer one being pulpy (Fig. 

 232). In general, fleshy fruits do not 



open; but the banana is a peculiar fleshy fruit that de- 

 hisces. 



FIG. 231. Akene of 

 dandelion, which ta- 

 pers above into a 

 long beak bearing a 

 tuft of hairs. After 

 GRAY. 



FIG. 232. Section of peach, 

 showing pulp and stone 

 formed from ovary wall 

 and enclosing the seed 

 (kernel). After GRAY. 



