86. 
Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch Bitternut Hickory 
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in 
understory of mature forest, under canopy of Quercus alba, Fagus 
grandifolia, Quercus velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Most 
abundant near top of south-facing slope overlooking tidal portion of 
Muddy Creek. Higman 170, 247, 403. 
C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet Pignut Hickory 
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in understory of mature 
forest, like C. cordiformis above. Also observed under canopy of Quercus 
prinus. Associate species: Cornus florida, Acer rubrum, Carpinus 
caroliniana, Carya tomentosa, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 521. 
C,. tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. Mockernut Hickory 
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in 
understory and canopy of mature forest. Associated with C. cordiformis 
and C, glabra above. Higman 418, 419, 420. 
BETULACEAE 
1. Bark smooth, with rounded ridges (muscular); fruit 
a nutlet at the base of a lobed, leafy bracts; nutlet 
WANE LESS cicheic e.clors ese s se cs capesis sisose sss vslee es eceee ses CAtPINUS 
1. Bark smooth only on younger trees, without rounded 
ridges; fruit a number of small winged nutlets grouped 
into a cone, without leafy bracts. 
2. Pith of branchlets triangular; cones woody, persis- 
TOME OVO ierareicires siraiay cl syelie) sroke\ieriove estore crate’ er aueveveretencletaiel erst once AULT US 
2. Pith of branchlets circular; cones cylindrical...... Betula 
Carpinus 
Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Hornbeam, 
Blue Beech 
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in the understory 
of mature hardwood forest, under canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus 
alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Seems to prefer slopes overlooking 
streams and freshwater marshes. Higman 187, 1105. 
