V7. 
4, Leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, 
8 to 20 cm. long, doubly crenate- 
serrate, strigose on veins beneath; 
fruiting calyx 2 to 2.3 mm. long, its 
deltoid subulate-tipped lobes equal to 
or shorter than the schizocarp; 
nutlets 1.5 to 2 mm. long, not reticulate.... V. urticifolia 
2. Spikes thicker, pencil-like, continuous; fruiting 
calyces imbricated. (Also, corollas violet- 
blue; mature calyx overtopping the schizocarp, 
With) incurved  TCCEh)immise a alesis lce s eisieuiele sie aici e) Ve astata 
1. Spikes single or in 3's at tips of stems or branches; 
corolla limb 5 to 6 mm. broad. (Also, in species 
collected, leaves narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 
3 to 10 cm. long, serrate; fruiting calyx 4 to 
5 mm. long, with acuminate lobes; corolla purple)..... V. simplex 
Verbena scabra Vahl Harsh Vervain 
Java Farm. One station: along old entrance road. Canopy of 
Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, and Liriodendron tulipifera. 
Higman 897. 
V. urticifolia L. White Vervain 
Java Farm. One station: western end of main building area. 
Hectare 2489. Near wooden shed among dense Rhus radicans and Campsis 
radicans. Higman 4. 
V. hastata L. Blue Vervain, 
Simpler's Joy 
Java Farm. One station: clump of trees in Hog Island salt 
marsh. Hectare 3582. Canopy of Quercus falcata, Quercus stellata, 
Prunus serotina, Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate species: Panicum 
virgatum, Osmunda cinnamomea, Juncus dichotomus. Higman 305. 
V. simplex Lehm. Vervain 
(V. angustifolia Michx.) 
Ivy Neck. One station: southern part of abandoned grassy field. 
Hectare 4772. Associate species: Rudbeckia serotina, Trifolium 
hybridum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Oenothera fruticosa. Higman 815. 
