210. 
Elephantopus 
Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. Elephant's-foot 
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in moist, shaded 
areas, especially near streams; grows under a variety of dense, mixed 
hardwood canopies. Associate species vary, include: Panicum 
clandestinum, Aster vimineus, Perilla frutescens, Muhlenbergia 
schreberi, Asplenium platyneuron, Polystichum acrostichoides, Aster 
acuminatus, Glyceria striata, Geum canadense, Onoclea sensibilis. _ 
Higman 37, 183, 236, 306, 471, 1003. 
Eupatoreae 
1. Leaves alternate; heads in racemes or spikes 
(Al'so fetlowersierose—purple)h, -itesitiidsecscesecerscee Liatris 
1. Leaves opposite; heads in corymbs. 
2. Iwining vine; phylilaries 4; fllowers 4.....s..0.c088 Mikania 
2. Erect, not twining; phyllaries more than 4; 
FLOWELS: 3-40 che aeiereke cieetepeler sietelleteiele cieisietcle selene eocse EUpatorium 
Liatris 
Liatris graminifolia (Walt.) Willd. Button-snakeroot, 
Blazing-star 
Java Farm. One station: Fox Point. Hectare 3558. Canopy of 
Quercus prinus, Quercus alba. Associate species: Gerardia virginica, 
Epigaea repens, Gaylussacia baccata. Higman 430. 
Mikania 
Mikania scandens a) Willd. Climbing Hempweed 
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in moist habitats, 
fresh or slightly saline. Moderately abundant near landward borders 
of salt marshes; associate species there: Iva frutescens, Pluchea 
camphorata, Polygonum hydropiperoides, Panicum clandestinum, Hibiscus 
palustris, Kosteletzkya virginica. 
Also moderately abundant in marsh at west corner of Farm, hectare 
2470. Associate species there: Scutellaris lateriflora. Infrequent in 
old fields, hectares 2580, 3418. Associate species there: Eupatorium 
serotinum, Solidago altissima, Aster novi-belgi. Higman 81, 146, 
196, 408. 
