34 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLEISTGEE. 



ture, 8°'3 C. Sea bottom, sand (PI. II. figs. 6-9). Also along with Platyclia anoniioides 

 and Waldheimia herguelenensis, December 27, 1 873, lat. 46° 40' S., long. 37° 50' E. Depth, 

 150 fathoms. It may seem strange to find the same species so far south as the Cape, but 

 neither Dr G\v}^n Jeffreys nor myself, after a lengthened comparison could discover any 

 character, however small, to distinguish the Cape shell from that found near the northern 

 coast of the United States. P. Couthouy in his description of Ter. septenirionalis, states 

 that it has been found at Lubec Bay by Dr C. T. Jackson, during his geological survey of 

 the State of Maine, and that it is probably an inhabitant of deep water on the whole New 

 England coast. Dr Gould mentions having found it in considerable numbers in the 

 stomachs of fishes, and occasionally on the sea-beach, and that its usual residence is in 

 the laminarian or deep-sea coral zones of northern seas. Eastport at low water ; common 

 ofl^ Isle of Shoals, 20 fathoms ; Cape Cod ; Grand Manan, common (Packard, Stimpson) ; 

 HaHfax Harbour, common (Willis). 



Observations. — The animal of Ter. caput-ser])entis and its variety septenirionalis has 

 been so minutely and admu-ably anatomically studied and described by Albany Hancock 

 in his memoir on the Organisation of the Brachiopoda,^ by M. E. Deslongchamps,^ 

 by E. Morse in his two remarkable memoirs on the Early Stages of Terebratuliiia 

 septenirionalis, by Kowalevsky, on the Embryology of Terebratula,^ 1875, and others 

 that it will not be necessary to repeat in this report the details so elaborately given 

 in the works alluded to, to which the reader is referred. I may add, however, that I 

 have had several opportunities of examining in detail the animal of both Ter. caput- 

 serpentis and of the variety septenirionalis, and can confirm the accuracy of the details 

 given by those distinguished zoologists. 



The animal of Ter. caput-serpeniis had attracted the attention of early naturalists, for 

 we find the brachial appendages roughly described and illustrated by Pennant* in 1773, 

 and in 1774 Grtindler gave a good description and enlarged illustrations of the same 

 appendages. 



Some difierence of opinion has prevailed with respect to the variety septenirionalis. 

 Certain malacologists consider it a distinct species, others a simple variety of Ter. caput- 

 serpentis. Gould in 1838 states it to be distinct, and in his report on the Inverte- 

 brata of Massachusetts (2d edition by W. H. Binney, 1870), Ave find stated at p. 208, 

 "An examination of the descriptions of Ter. caput-serpeniis given by Linnaeus, MliUer, and 

 Chemnitz, and a comparison of them with our shell had well satisfied me of their corre- 

 spondence. The downy epidermis is a character too rare and singular to be overlooked. 

 This, however, is rubbed off very easily. The shell is much thinner, in general more 



' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1858. 



- Eecherches sur I'Organisation du Manteaii cliez les Braehiopodes articules, Caen, 1864. 



■' Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. ii., 1869. 



■* Nova acta Regii Sooietatis Upsaliensis, vol. i. p. 39. 



