REPOKT ON THE BRACHIOPODA. 



43 



Expedition on June 3, 1874, on the shore, and at from 2 to 10 fathoms at Port 

 Jackson, Soutli Australia. Lamarck, who first described the species, does not refer to 

 any figaire, and seems to have been ignorant as to its real habitat, for he states, " Habite 

 les mer des Indes h Java." Quoy and Gaimard found it in 1834 in immense numbers at 

 Port Western, Bass Strait. They observe that hundreds were brought up at each haul 

 of the dredge, either grouped among themselves or attached to other shells. At Port 

 Jackson they were obtained in great numbers in four feet depth of water. Professor J. 

 Beete Jukes collected any number while boating in South Australia among the reefs near 

 Port Jackson. They were merely washed up by the tide, and he gathered them with his 

 hand like limpets on the shore. The Eev. J. E. Tenison Woods observes, in his Census 

 of Marine Shells of Tasmania, that Wald. flavescens is found in all Southern Australia, 

 but only on the north coast of Tasmania. 



Observations. — The animal of this species, selected by Professor W. King as the type 

 of his excellent genus Wcddheimia, has been admirably described by several eminent 

 anatomists. First by Professor R. Owen in 1853, in the first chapter of the introduction 

 to my work on British Fossil Brachiopoda ; subsequently in 1857 by Pierre Gratiolet, in 

 his memoir. Etudes Anatomiques sur la Terebratule Australe, Journal de Conchyliologie ; 

 and in the following year by Albany Hancock, in his classical memoir on the Organisation 

 of the Brachiopoda, Phil. Trans, of Eoy. Soc, vol. cxlviii., part 2, 1858, to which works 

 the reader is referred for all anatomical 

 details. We may, however, here repro- 

 duce an admirable diagram by Albany 

 Hancock showing the arrangement of 

 the muscular system. Its intimate shell 

 structure has likewise been investigated 

 by Professor Carpenter in chapter ii. 

 of my general introduction already re- 

 ferred to. 



Quoy and Gaimard had also given 

 some brief anatomical details in the 

 description of their Terehratida cmstralis 

 (3d vol. of the Voyage de I'Astrolabe), 

 " Ces mollusques," they add, " doivent 

 vivre longtemps hors de la mer, par la 

 faculty qu'ils ont de conserver de I'eau dans leurs valves hermetiquement fermdes. La 

 quantitd relatif en est considerable car Tanimal ne parait occuper qu'une petite place 

 dans la cavitd qui semble k demi vide, nous n'avons apergu d'autres mouvements que 

 celui des lamelles cHices encore est il assez obscurs." 



Waldheimia flavescens has received four or five different names, but that oi flavescens 



Waldheimia flavescens (after Hancock). 



Diagram showing the muscular system. M ventral, iV dorsal valve, 

 I loop, V mouth, z extremity of intestine, a, a adductor, c divari- 

 cators. & accessory divaricators, b ventral adjusters, V peduncular 

 muscle, b" dorsal adjusters, P peduncle. 



