36 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGEE. 



over all seas in a regular manner. Over great tracts the Challenger did not find a single 

 specimen of this order ; for instance, in the Atlantic, between Buenos Ayres and Cape 

 Finisterre (Stations 322 to 354), between the Canaries and the West Indies (Stations 

 1 to 42), between Bermuda, Madeira,' and the Cape de Verde Islands,^ till near the 

 Equator (Stations 58 to 105). 



One Umbdlula was found at Station 106,^ and then nothing across the Atlantic to Cape 

 St Roque, along the coast to Bahia, and again back across the Atlantic to Station 132, near 

 Tristan d'Acunha. Nothing again on the way to the Cape of Good Hope, and up to 

 Stations 146 and 147, where two Umbellulce were found. From Station 147 to Melbourne, 

 through the South Polar Sea, two Umbellulce were dredged at Stations 156 and 157. No 

 Pennatulidae were found between Australia and New Zealand (Stations 164 to 168), none 

 between these islands, past the Fiji and New Hebrides groups, to New Guinea (Stations 

 170 to 180), none between the Philippines and New Guinea, and thence to Japan (Stations 

 213 to 231), only two forms, an Umbellula and a Scleroptilum between Japan and the 

 Sandwich Islands, and nothing from Hawaii through the whole Pacific Ocean to Valparaiso, 

 through the Straits of Magellan, past the Falkland Islands to near Buenos Ayres (Stations 

 237 to 239). 



It seems, therefore, reasonable to conclude, so far as our present knowledge goes, that 

 the deeper portions of the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, and the South Polar Sea, 

 contain very few or none at all of the Pennatulida at a certain distance from the shore. 



I may add that Professor T. H. Studer, of Bern, who went with the German ship 

 "Gazelle" round the world, and dredged in a good many places, found only six 

 Pennatulida, which is the more worth mentioning as he dredged especially in shallow 

 water and along the shore. 



As to the horizontal distribution of the families of the Pennatulida, the following- 

 may be remarked : — 



As I showed in my monograph, the Pteroeidid^ have a well-defined centre in the 

 south-east coasts of Asia, the Sunda Islands, and the Philippines, from which they 

 spread, with few forms, as far as Japan, Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, the 

 Carolines, the west coast of Africa and the Eed Sea ; Pteroeides griseum of the Mediter- 

 ranean being quite an exception. The results of the Challenger confirm these data, as 

 they make only three Pteroeididse from the Philippines, Australia, and Japan. 



The Pennatulida, on the contrary, have a wide distribution along the coast of 

 Europe, the west coast of North America, the coasts of China, Japan, India (south-east 

 coast), Australia, New Guinea, Africa (east coast). No Pennatuhdae are known from the 

 east coast of North America, the west coast of South America, nor the west coast of 



^ Stiirler found at Madeira, Gavernularia madeirensis. 



^ Stnder found here Veretilhim cynomormm, var. astyla. 



^ Studer found an UmbelliUa and Pavonaria africana, Stud., near Station 97. 



I 



