REPORT ON THE PENNATULIDA. 37 



Africa. The Challenger found five new forms of Pennatulidfie from Australia, New 

 Guinea, the Philippines, and Japan, amongst them four species [Pennatida moseleyi, 

 murrayi, naresi, and pearceyi) which are nearer the known European t}^Des, and only 

 one species with the soft leaves of the typical Asiatic and west American forms (P. 

 sulcata). 



The knowledge of the Virgulakid.e has been augmented by the discovery of the 

 habitat of Scytalium sarsi (Philippines), and the discovery of a new Scytalium from the 

 same locality. The Virgularidse, as I now define them, are widely distributed in the 

 European seas (thx'ee species of Virgularia, two of Duhenia), the east and west coasts of 

 America (all the species of Stylatula and of Acanthoptilum) , the east coast of Africa 

 {Pavonaria africana, Stud.), and the south-east Asiatic seas, as far as Australia (eight 

 species of Virgularia, two of Scytalium). 



The Stachyptilidje, Protocaulid^, and PuoTOPTiLiDiE, belonging to the simplest 

 forms of the Pennatulida, have two centres, one in the Pacific Ocean, on the coasts of 

 New Guinea [Stachyptilum, Trichoptilum) , New Zealand {Protocaulon, Leptop)tiluni) , 

 and Japan [Scleroptilum, Microptilum), and one in the North Atlantic [Protoptilum) , 

 and North Sea [Lygomorpha, Cladiscus). 



The ANTHOPTiLiDiE are limited to the east coast of America, but have a wide range 

 from Halifax to Buenos Ayres and Tristan d'Acuuha. 



With regard to the Kophobelemnoxid^, the Veretillid.^, and the Eenillid^, little 

 new has been added to our knowledge through the investigations of the Challenger, with 

 the exception of a new Kophohelemnon from Japan. Nevertheless, it is interesting to 

 know that the limited distribution of these families has been confirmed. Professor Studer 

 has lately found a Veretillum at the Cape de Verde Islands, and a Cavernularia at 

 Madeira. 



The distribution of the Umbellulid^ is most remarkable. After having known for 

 more than a century only one locality, the North Polar Sea, near the coast of Green- 

 land, we have now learned that this form is far and widely distributed. UmhellulcB have 

 now been obtained from the North Atlantic Ocean (loetween Portugal and Madeira) ; from 

 the North Polar Sea, coast of Greenland ; from the Atlantic Ocean, under the Equator, 

 between Africa and America, and from the west coast of Africa, north of Sierra Leone 

 (Stud.) ; from the South African Sea, west of Kerguelen Island ; from the South Polar 

 Sea ; from the coasts of New Guinea and of Japan ; and from the middle of the North 

 Pacific Ocean (Station 246). Umbellula has, therefore, of all genera of Pennatulida the 

 widest distribution. 



Our knowledge of the vertical distribution of the Pennatulida has made great 

 progress through the explorations of the Challenger. AVhen I published my monograph 

 I was justified in saying that the great majority of the Pennatulida were shallow- water 



