1866.] Tableau of High Ada. 71 



higher than others. These monkeys, called " Langurs" by the natives, 

 have been frequently seen at 11,000 ft., while the fir-trees among 

 which they sported were loaded with snow-wreaths. This species is 

 not known in India, whilst the Macacus Rhesus is met with in India, 

 as well as in the Himalaya. 



In Western Tibet, and farther to the north, no monkeys have yet 

 been found. Tigers ascend to 11,000 ft. in the Himalaya ; they are 

 not, however, seen in Western Tibet or the Kimliin. 



Leopards may be met with, in the Himalaya and in Tibet, even at 

 13,000 and 14,000 ft. The lion, though intimately connected with 

 the mythology of High Asia, has been forthcoming, in historical 

 times, only in Kashmir. In India, the lion occurs at the present day 

 only in Griizrat, and there only in very small numbers. 



Jackals were found by us in the Karakorum between 16,000 and 

 17,000 ft. Wolves are not known to frequent the Himalaya Proper, 

 but they are found in Tibet, where we saw of traces of them in sand 

 close to the Karakorum pass (18,345 ft.) 



Various species of beautiful ivild sheep and ibex, together with the 

 Kydng and the wild yak, are met with in large herds on the highest 

 plateaux between the Karakorum and the Kunliin. 



The cat is common in Tibet ; dogs are the companions of the Tibet- 

 an shepherds, whom they follow over passes exceeding 18,000 ft. 



Some species of bats are seen in the Himalaya up to 9,000 ft. ; and 

 the Tibetan hare occurs even in heights exceeding 18,000 ft. 



Migratory birds are not known to cross the Himalaya, as many 

 birds of Europe cross the Alps. Doves were seen by us at very great 

 heights in the Karakorum and Kunliin ; this was the most surprising, 

 as other birds were very rare. 



The domestic fowl has recently been introduced with great success 

 by Gulab Singh into Balti, Ladak, and Nubra. 



Fishes were found by us in some rivulets of Tibet exceeding 15,000 

 ft. In the Alps they cannot live beyond 7,000 ft. 



Of reptiles we found snakes and saurians as high as 15,200 ft. In 

 the Alps they go up to 6,000 ft., in the Pyrenees to 7,000 ft. In the 

 Andes ; snakes were found by Schmarda at about 11,500 ft. 



For butterflies we found in the Himalaya 13,000 ft., in Tibet and 

 Turkistan even 16,000 ft. as localities of permanent habitation. Bee- 



