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Mr. Verchere on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 2 3 



which is well seen close to the ruin. It is divided into somewhat 

 prismatic blocks by joints ; it is generally compact, but sometimes 

 scoriaceous, and it appears to have had some influence on the cooling 

 of the felstone above and below it, this being much more compact 

 near the trachy-dolerite, and becoming gradually more laminated and 

 slaty as we get further off. I cannot say whether the trachy-dolerite is 

 intrusive, or interbedded ; but it is perfectly conformable to the felstone. 



7. At Ori, we find a small valley sunk between high mountains 

 and crossed by a tolerably big ravine and by a torrent flowing from 

 the S. E. to N. W. This torrent divides the hills on the S. W. which 

 are miocene sandstones and shales, from the mountains on the E. and 

 N. E. which are volcanic. The Jheelum describes a semi-circle 

 round the extremity of the Kiren range, the beds of which cross the 

 river to be continued with those of the Kandi or Kanda Range, which 

 are the link between the Kirna Range and the Pir Punjal Chain. The 

 river runs for a little while between the volcanic rocks of the Kirna 

 and the miocene sandstones, but it very soon leaves this bed, and 

 cutting a canal through the tertiary sandstones and clays, bids farewell 

 for ever to rocks of a volcanic origin. 



8. I will not enter into a description of the tertiaries in this 

 paper, though we shall have to see much of them incidentally, but 

 as it has been said and written by many persons that the miocene sand- 

 stones and clays dip under the volcanic felstone (generally described as 

 metamorphic schists or quartzose mica-slate), I must correct the error, 

 while we are at Ori. Both the volcanic and miocene beds are nearly 

 vertical, but not quite, and dip northernly, and there is therefore an 

 appearance of the miocene dipping under the felstone. On examin- 

 ing the high bank of the Jheelum, however, not far from the fort, I 

 could see the miocene beds bend backwards, thus showing that they 



f ELSTO NE 



R. J H EEL UM 



fig- 1. 



are superior to the volcanic rocks, but have been dressed up against 

 them by a lateral pressure. The diagram (fig. 1.) shows well the folded 



