1866.] the Western Himalaya and Afghan Mountains. 109 



considerable height, and disposed in such a manner that they cannot 

 have been brought from any other locality but the summits above. 

 When I visited the Apaikey valley, the summits on both sides were 

 covered with a thick mantle of snow, but the very shape of the peak, 

 a smoothly rounded boss, was suggestive of a hill composed of 

 materials which wear quickly and round easily under the influence 

 of atmospheric vicissitudes. 



14. — We must now endeavour to ascertain the extent of country 

 covered by volcanic rocks similar to those I have described, and I am 

 again indebted to Captain H. G. Austen for the following information : 

 " The so-called granite, or, as you say more properly, volcanic por- 

 phyry, of the Kaj Nag is quite unlike the granite of the Deosais or 

 Ladak, which is pure granite or syenite. This Kaj Nag rock is seen 

 again in the mountains bounding the south-east end of the valley 

 (of Kashmir) and in Kistwar ; and the whole length of the Chota 

 Dhar range, bounding Badrawar to the south, is of it ; I have seen it 

 nowhere else. It is so strikingly peculiar that I should certainly have 

 noticed it, had I come across it in other parts of Kashmir." 



How far the porphyry of Kistwar and Badrawar extends to the 

 east, I have no means of judging ;* but we have seen that the Kaj 

 Nag extends towards the west into the upper part of Hazara ; and 

 I have had described to me some " granite" seen a few miles north 

 of Mauserah, near the entrance into the Kaghan valley, which 

 appears to be a volcanic porphyry similar to that which we have seen 

 at Buniar.f But it extends still further west : Dr. Costello informs 

 me that a great deal of "granite" and quartz occurs in and near the 

 Umbeyla pass, lately occupied by the troops under General Sir Neville 



* The "granitic" bolt between the Sutlej and the Kali rivers, loro-. 77° to 

 80° 15', appears to be a continuation of the p 3rphyry of Kaj Na«-, Kistwar and 

 Badrawar. In Sirmoor, Garhwal and Kum.ion it forms the centres of moun- 

 tainous systems such as Chor, Dudatoli, Binsar, &c. Capt. R. Strachey 

 describes it as " often porphyritic and much subject to decay." It passes into 

 ''mica-shist showing a distinctly laminated structure," (felstone ?) and also 

 into greenstone. 



t Also " a place on the road (to Maussra) as it passes along the eastern 

 edge of the Pukti valley gets its name of Chitti wat (white stone) from several 

 large blocks and hillocks of white felspathic rock containing large crystals, the 

 same as that of the blocks on the ridge of Buri a few miles to the S. W.,' and 

 like them visible " from a great distance."— Journal of the Agricultural and 

 Horticultural Society of India, Vol. XIV. Part I. 



14 



