1866.] the Western Himalaya and Afghan Mountains. 161 



13. A light blue limestone, argillaceous and compact, weathering rugose 

 like frosted glass, but without losing its fine, lustreless, clay -like, pale blue colour. 

 It contains many remains of fossils in a bad state of preservation,... 30 ft. 



A fault from N. N. W.— S S. E. ; downthrow S. W. The fault is met near 

 the end of the spur by another running W. S. W. — E. N. E. The end of the 

 spur, detached, as it were, by these two faults, strikes S. E. — N. "W. and dips 

 N. E. 20°. The rock of this detached bed is a shaly limestone ; the fossils are 

 small and ill-preserved ; they occur in patches, one or two feet of the bed pre- 

 senting a great number of remains, whilst hardly a trace of organisms is to be 

 seen for some yards. It is about 50 feet thick, 50 ft. 



Another fault from N. N. W.— S. S. E. ; downthrow S. W. The effect of 

 this fault has been to bring up again the bed of Zeeawan limestone, and we 

 therefore have the following bed to the N. E. of the fault. 



14. A coarse micaceous marly slate, without fossils, and passing gradually 

 upwards into sandy shales of a dark brown colour and containing Producti, 

 Orthidce and Spirifers in a very bad state of preservation. These dark shales 

 are identical in appearance and in some of their fossils with the brown shales 

 of the Zeeawan bed, but the Bryozoa, so extensively developed in other 

 localities, appear to be totally absent, and some small bivalves, which are 

 found in the Weean bed and have not been seen in the Zeeawan bed, were 

 discovered here.* These differences however may be easily accounted for by a 

 difference of depth of the sea at the time the Zeeawan limestone and shale 

 were deposited. The sandy and coarse micaceous slates seem to indicate a 

 shallow sea with a drifting current on a shelving coast, a physical arrangement 

 which may be a tolerable habitat for the large Brachiopoda, but unsuitable to 

 the delicate Bryozoa. 



This Zeeawan bed is succeeded by a shaly limestone, similar to that 

 which is seen before the fault, that is to say Weean limestone. It 

 has a well marked cleavage, due probably to its argillaceous impurities, 

 and this cleavage is not unfrequently more conspicuous than the stra- 

 tification. 



The end of the spur is, like the preceding spur, cut off by a 

 transverse fault W. S. W. — E. N. E. and the detached end dips 

 E.N. E. 20°, whilst the body of the spur, above the transverse fault, 

 dips E. S. E. 20°, the cleavage noted above dips N. W. 70°. 



The thickness of these two beds together is about 100 feet ; they form the 

 whole of the spur above the village of Koonmoo, 100 ft. 



28. Above Koonmoo, in the angle formed by the divergence 

 of the two arms of the spur, is a spring with a Zyarat called Shokum. 



* A similar mixture of Zeeawan and "Weean fossils is found in some parts of 

 the Rotta Roh in the Punjab. See Chapter III. para. 60. 



