1866.] tlic Western Himalaya and Afghan Mountains. 167 



would appear to succeed one another with considerable regularity 

 from W. to E., and one bed, No. 1, would appear the deepest ; but 

 the top of the hill having been preserved, the beds can be seen plainly- 

 bending and folding themselves in two. There is a circumstance which 

 renders it extremely easy to follow the beds along the hill-side and 

 it is this, that the layers 16, 17 and 18 form a sort of broad ribbon at 

 their outcrop ; 16 and 18 being composed of dark grey walls of lime- 

 stone which, from their hardness, are prominent 2 or 3 feet over 

 the general surface of the slope, whilst 17, the layer between them, 

 is a pale sandstone, decaying fast and forming a sunken furrow be- 

 tween the two walls. This broad ribbon, about 30 feet wide, can 

 be followed with the eye for miles. The layers 7, 8 and 9 also form 

 a ribbon, but less well marked than the other, being paler and not 

 so sharp. Now, these two ribbons are of the greatest assistance 

 in following the twists and foldings of the beds. We have seen 

 that the ribbon 16, 17 and 18 ascends the eastern branch of the fold 

 over Weean and curves over at the top of the hill, where its beds are 

 perfectly horizontal, and then descends along the western branch. Wo 

 see the two ribbons forming near the village of Kohew an anticlinal 

 similar to that of Weean, but not quite so sharp, and the description 

 of the ribbon also shows us plainly that the beds of the Weean 

 hillocks are reversed. There is a great fault between the main hill 

 and these two little hillocks of Weean and Kohew •, on the north 

 of the fault, the beds dip to the N. E. at a high angle, and all the 

 soft and marly layers have decayed and tumbled down in eboulis* 

 but the hard ribbon has remained, and can be traced along the 

 hill showing the outcrop of the beds. All the way up to Nawan 

 we can see the beds of limestone dipping N. E. and we can infer the 

 existence of many faults across the range from the reappearance of 

 the ribbon on the top of each small spur which descends in the 

 Kohew valley. We see these pieces of ribbon plunge under the soil 

 of this small valley to emerge on the other side (fig. 7), giving us 

 the strike of the beds of that long chain of limestone hills which 

 connects Nawan with the Wastarwan Mountain ; ,but although I have 



* The French word is so convenient and expressive, that I do not hesitate 

 to use it, as no English word expresses equally well the broken materials of 

 beds which have slipped. 



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