170 Mr. Verchere on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 3, 



A small bivalve, giving on section the appearance of a pair of 

 spectacles is also found, but I never could detect the shell entire, 

 although it is often the only fossil to be discovered. 



33. But to the positive evidence afforded by these fossils, we 

 must add the negative evidence : I mean we must remember that 

 this is a bed of carboniferous limestone, and that notwithstanding 

 we have no examples of the genera Productus, Orthis, Euomphalus 

 Bellerophon, and Orthoceratites, and that there are no large Spiriferce or 

 Fenestellides. Neither have we the Gasteropods and Cyathophyllides 

 which- characterise the uppermost or Kothair bed, more by their 

 number and variety, than by any species well defined by me. I am 

 anxious to insist on the absence in the Weean group of these fossils, 

 which are generally regarded as eminently carboniferous, because 

 it has been found difficult to determine the age of rocks belonging 

 to the Weean bed, when seen apart from the Zeeawan Bed ; thus 

 the limestone of Manus Bal, which belongs to the Weean group, has 

 been twice reported to be nummulitic. 



34. The next mountain to examine is the Wastarwan. It is 

 a fine hill, its summits rising above Avantipoor, a small city on the 

 Jheelum celebrated for its Buddhist ruins. An inspection of the 

 map will be better than any description I can give of the position and 

 relations of this mountain. It is a centre of elevation, with spurs 

 descending in all directions, like the spokes of a wheel. I never 

 ascended it, but I travelled along its northern and its western sides, 

 and the following is a description of what I saw. 



Section from Reechpoora towards the E. as far as longitude 73° 5'. 

 across the northern spurs of the Wastanoan : (See Map C.) 



The spur which descends to near Reechpoora is entirely composed 

 of Zeeawan limestone with the characteristic fossils. The bed forms 

 a sharp anticlinal of which the two arms slope or dip N. E. and S. W. 

 respectively, striking N. W. to S. E. The beds of limestone inwrap 

 the end of the spur, the layers seen above the little Buddhist 

 ruin dipping nearly due N. The anticlinal is so sharp that the 

 courses of rock have separated, and caves, now converted into holy 

 quarters for a few fakirs, are to be observed on both sides of the 

 anticlinal. 



35. Proceeding eastwards, after crossing the bed of a stream, we 



