178 Mr. Verchere on the Geology of Kashmir, [No. 3 



ness, varying however a good deal in places. There are remains of a Buddhist 

 quarry in this bed. 



The three beds have together a thickness of about 200 ft. 



4. White and friable sandstone, apparently a compressed quartzose sand 

 without cement. It dips N. E. by E. 25°. It contains traces of fossils. It is 

 remarkably well seen near the Karaise or Irrigation Canal which is cut on the 

 flank of the hill.* It is a thin bed and presents variations of color and aspect. 

 It is only one and half foot thick, 1| ft. 



5. Argillaceous blue limestone, , 2 ft. 



6. Yellow sandstone, calcareous, not very hard, much disturbed and faulted, 

 the faults, which are small and short, being at right angles to the strike. The 

 sandstone has a thickness of about 10 ft. 



In this sandstone, which, by the bye, does occasionally pass into 

 lenticular patches of impure arenaceous limestone, a great many sections 

 or outlines of large bivalves and some small ones were seen ; but no 

 shell in a tolerable state of perfection could be obtained ; I, however, 

 made drawings of the outlines presented by these bivalves, on the 

 weathered flank of the rock. When I first saw these outlines, I did 

 not know of the large Anthracosice, Pectens and Aviculo-pectens 

 which exist in the Weean group, and it appeared poor and ungrateful 

 work to copy them. Soon after, however, I found the Aviculo- 

 pectens and other bivalves represented at PI. VI. fig. 3, and PI. VII. 

 fig. 4, 4a, and my sketches of the sections came in very opportunely, 

 proving, in the absence of better fossil evidence, the Weean nature 

 of the Hapatikri limestone. 



7. Very hard and brilliant white quartzose sandstone, , 10 ft. 



8. Sandstone, yellow and soft, like 6, 5 ft. 



These sandstone beds are remarkably wavy and undulated, as if they had 



suffered from lateral pressure. The limestone above and below participates 

 but very triflingly in these undulations. 



9. Sandy limestone, blue and compact. The debris of small fossils, 10 ft. 



10. Dark shales, slightly carbonaceous. In this bed, casts of roots of 

 trees with a concentric arrangement and, in rare cases, the vegetable cells 

 filled with coah were seen. The roots are generally thoroughly petrified ; they 

 are numerous and mostly horizontally (to dip) arranged ; they are branching 

 and have generally a starry disposition like Stigmaria. Some pieces of these 



* This canal was apparently intended to bring some of the waters of the 

 Lidar to the Martand plateau ; but it was never finished, and it is now falling 

 into ruin. It is said to have been begun during the reign of the Mogul Emperors 

 of Delhi j it is a work of considerable extent. 



