1866.] the Western Himalaya and Afjlian Mountains. 181 



sufficiently proved by the shape of the boulders, these being rounded 

 and ovoid in form, and not worn into the flat lenticular stones which are 

 found on the beach of lakes, and which are so much appreciated by 

 persons fond of making " ducks and drakes in the water." 



45. I have said before that a spur of the Hapatikri extends to 

 Islamabad, concealed under the lacustrine plateau (see fig. 8,) for 

 a few miles, but appearing as a small hill over the town. The 

 following is a section of this Islamabad Hill, from the S. W. to the 

 N. E., beginning with the lowest strata exposed to view. The general 

 dip of the beds of this hill is N. Easterly. 



1„ Marly limestone ; bright blue ; debris of fossils, 15 ft. 



2. Ditto ditto ; white; no fossils, 20 ft. 



3. Ditto ditto ; grey ; often reddish. Enormous number of Foraminiferce 

 forming ochrous bands in the rock, 1 ft. 



4. Arenaceous, dark grey limestone, divided by partings of shaly pale- 

 yellow limestone, veiy false-bedded and very thin. Eich in the debris of fossils, 

 but very few in a good state of preservation, 25 ft. 



These four beds dip N. E. 15°. 



5. Limestone having a slaty cleavage and joints, white or pale grey, cherty 

 in appeai'anco, Fossils very numerous, but in comminuted fragments, 10 ft. 



6. Marly, yellow, limestone. It is often flesh-coloured, and then shaly in 

 appearance and weathering with a rough pitted surface, 2 ft. 



7. Limestone like 4 ; full of the debris of fossils, 1 ft. 



8. Limestone, brown and cherty ; debris of fossils, If ft. 



9. Very pale blue limestone, often white ; vejy hard and rough ; weathers 

 rugose like frosted glass. Thin and false-bedded ; fragmentary shells, 15 ft. 



10. Sandstone; yellowish white or greyish-white, 6 inches 



11. Coarse, gritty limestone, full of the debris of fossils ; great abun- 

 dance of ForaminifercB, crinoid stems, Fusus (?) and fragments of a small 

 bivalve, 3 ft. 



12. Marly, dark grey-blue limestone ; slaty cleavage, 3 ft. 



extent as it is now, and that the valley then became populated. The lakes, how- 

 ever, began to fill up again, and the whole of the valley was again converted iuto 

 one immense lake. This in its turn was tapped and drained to its present 

 state. The earthquake, which broke up the barrier or dam at Baramoola, is 

 reported by tradition to have been the beneficient act of the Hindoo god 

 Kashyapa. The Mahomedans, however, say that it is Kashaf, Solomon's 

 minister, who performed the wonderful work, and it is very probable that both 

 Hindoo and Musulmans borrowed the tradition from earlier inhabitants. 



I hope to be able to prepare before long a paper " On the Lacustrine deposits 

 of Kashmir," in which the proofs of two successive lakes having existed will 

 be given in detail. See also my note to para 9. page 100. 



