198 



Mr. Verchere on the Geology of Kashmir, 



[No. 3, 





Masses, Beds, &c. &c. 



Fossils. 



Conditions indicated. 





Ob 



GANISMS APPEj? 



Lit. 



c 



a. Crystalline limestone, 

 coarse and with very 

 few fossils. 



Few. 



Open sea coast, not very deep. 





b. Massive limestone, gra- 



Productus, 



Open sea coast. About 50 fa- 





nular, or crystalline. 



Orthis, Spiri- 



thoms. 



w 





fera, Penes- 





5- 





tellidce, Or- 







thoceras. 







c. Ferruginous calcareous 



Same fossils. 



Sea coast, not distant. Heavy 





brown shales. 





water-fall on Volcanic islands. 



W 



d. Dark sandy shales. 



Same fossils. 



Sea coast, not distant. Drift 

 near shore. Heavy water-fall 

 on Volcanic islands. 



< 



e. Limestone, shaly, with 



Same fossils ; 



Sea becoming shallow; shore 





shaly partings. 



no Bryozoa. 



shelving and drifty. 





Thickness = 200—250. 







Fauna changes. 



r 



" a. Shaly and sandy lime- 



Encrinites ; 



Shallow shelving, coast line. 





stone. 



small 



bivalves ; 



Debris. 







b. Black argillaceous lime- 



Debris. 



Shallow sea between islands. 





stone. 









c. Altered, amygdaloidal 



None or mere 



Local volcanic action ; geyserian 





limestone. 



traces. 



bursts of water or vapours. 



o 







Earthquakes. 





d. Flesh-colored limestone 



Anthracosice, 



Proximity of land ; banks and 



fc 



with lenticular beds of 



Aviculo-pec- 



shallows on a shelving coast- 



^ <! 



pale blue, nearly fria- 



tens. 



line. 



£ 



ble limestone. 



Pectens. 







Solenopsis. 





O 



e. Thin-bedded, argillace- 



Goniatites. 



Slow formation of fine silt in 





ous limestone, break- 





well protected creeks. 





ing in slabs. 









/. Shaly, muddy, very foe- 









tid limestone, with gre- 



Cyrtia and 



Warm, damp and shallow sea, 





garious fossils. 



small 



Terebratulce. 



swamps, teeming with life. 





^ g. Argillaceous and arena- 



Debris of 



Very shallow sea-shore ; sublit- 





ceous limestone pale- 



small thin 



toral oscillations ; frequent 





less blue and yel- 



bivalves. 



freshes of fresh water carry- 





low. 



Roots of 

 plants. 



ing mud to the sea. 



