16 The Ethnology of India, 



South, it will be seen when I come to details, that the change of 

 language very much puzzles and baffles me in the attempt to 

 trace the tribes and castes from North to South, and in fact causes 

 a substantial gap in the contiguity of my survey, which I trust 

 that others will fill. To return to a geological metaphor, there 

 is as it were a serious fault at the point where the change of 

 languages takes place. A similar series of strata goes on upon 

 the other side, but I can't exactly identify the particular veins and 

 say which is which. The same series of classes with similar cha- 

 racteristics prevail in the South, and, knowing that they must have 

 come from the North in a continuous stream, one feels sure that they 

 must be identical with Northern congeners. It remains for those 

 who have an intimate knowledge of the country on either side of the 

 Fault to connect the broken links. Meantime, with the exception 

 of the Bramins (who may be traced all through India), I must notice 

 the people of the Southern countries separately. 



Commonly as the term is used, it may be well to say a word 

 in justification of the use of the term ' Arians' as applied to all 

 the Northern people. Not only are they known by the South- 

 erners as Aiyas, (see Buchanan,) but in fact I believe the term to 

 be the correct one. I am aware that some have set down the Jats 

 and others as Scythians and Turanians. I have no intention of quar- 

 relling with any one who chooses to call them Scythians, for that is 

 a very wide and uncertain word, which may have been applied to 

 Germans as well as to Jats. But if the word Turanian is applied to 

 Punjabees, in the sense of expressing that branch of the human race 

 which we call Mongolian, the squat, flat-faced, peculiar eyed, beardless 

 people of Central, Northern, and Eastern Asia, then I say that 

 the term is wholly inapplicable. Anything more unlike Mongols 

 than the tall, handsome, high featured, long bearded Punjabees it 

 is impossible to imagine. To say, on the strength of some obscure 

 similarity of names, that any of these people are Mongols and 

 Tartars, is not only as unfounded as the connection between Mon- 

 mouth and Macedon, but is opposed to the most palpable physical 

 facts. It would be about as reasonable to say that the people of 

 Tamworth are really Negroes of Timouctoo, because Tarn and Tim 

 are clearly the same word. An Englishman is not more unlike a 

 Negro, than a Punjabee is unlike a Mongol. 



