The Ethnology of India. 17 



Assuming then that the North-Indians are what we call Caucasian 

 in feature, the only question would be whether they may be in any 

 degree Semitic. This there seems to be no ground for supposing ; 

 there is no radical trace of Semitic language, and we nowhere trace any 

 considerable immigration by land of Arabian or other Semitic tribes. 

 That being so, I hope that I may properly call the North-Indians 

 Arums, and extend the title to all those Indians in whom Arian 

 features predominate, even where they have been softened down and 

 otherwise qualified by intermixture. 



Although I believe any division of the Northern tribes in India 

 into Arian and Turanian to be quite out of place, I have long had 

 an impression that the result of a thorough examination may be to 

 divide the Indian Arians into two classes \ the earlier Arians, the de- 

 scendants of the most ancient Hindus, a people acute, literary, skilled 

 in arts, but not very warlike, and rather aristocratic than demo- 

 cratic in their institutions ; and the later Arians, warlike people — pos- 

 sibly once Scythians — democratic in their institutions, and rather 

 energetic than refined and literary. War does not seem to have been 

 one of the earliest arts ; we are told that the earliest Egyptians have left 

 little in their monuments which suggests that art, and it may be that 

 the earliest Hindus had little occasion for it, meeting with but simple 

 and peaceful savages. The later Arians appear, in my view, in their 

 manners and institutions more nearly to resemble the Grerman tribes, and 

 perhaps to them might more properly be applied the term Indo- Germanic. 

 The earliest Hindus appear to have had an intimate connection with 

 the hills immediately adjoining India on the North-west, and there may 

 well have been gradual immigration from the hills to the plains. But 

 at a later period, when the people in possession of the North of India 

 had acquired considerable power, it seems hardly possible that large 

 bodies of conquering immigrants should have found their way to India 

 by Cabul and the Khyber Pass. Those defiles are far too difficult to 

 be forced by strangers in large bodies accompanied by women and 

 children. The Affghans, and those who have ruled the Affghans, have 

 had the command of the direct route ; but if Rajpoots, Jats &c. came 

 as immigrant peoples, they probably came by the route of the Bolan, 

 occupying the high pastoral lands about Quettah, and thence descend- 

 ing into the plains bel-ow. We shall find accordingly that the Jats 



