18 The Ethnology of India. 



(whom on this theory we may suppose to have been the latest comers) 

 occupy just the area which would tally with such a mode of immigra- 

 tion. 



In physical appearance I would divide Indian Arians into two 

 classes, as far as we can call that a division which is only a question of 

 degree. The people of the extreme north, the pure Arians, large, fair, 

 high-featured, I shall call " High-Arian" in type. The prominence 

 and beauty of their features is remarkable. The brow is remarkably 

 high and well shaped ; the nose connected by a high bridge with the 

 high brow is also well shaped, sometimes straight, more often 

 slightly curved ; the eyes are very fine, the lips thin, mouth of a good 

 shape, the beard long and full. The type once seen cannot be mistaken. 

 The prominence of the brow in adults somewhat conceals the eye, but 

 in the children it is something marvellous. On the other hand, the 

 more subdued features, more frequently approaching a low and snub- 

 nosed type, and resembling those which are common among the lower 

 classes in Europe, are in India generally accompanied by a shorter 

 (but still pretty robust) form, a skin darker (but still more brown than 

 black), and an appearance altogether inferior, but yet not aboriginal in 

 its style. This I shall call the " Low-Arian" type. 



In addition to the two main divisions, of aborigines, and modern 

 Indians, I propose to put under a third division, those whom I shall 

 generally describe as " Borderers," that is, the tribes on the borders, 

 whose blood and manners show the influence of immigrants of races 

 other than those already noticed. These meet and mix with the 

 native populations, and form some marked classes. On the "West Coast 

 there has been a considerable immigration of Arabs and others \ the same 

 has been the case in Lower Sinde. Along the whole line of the 

 Himalayas, and on the whole of the Eastern Frontier, Turanian races 

 meet the Indians. 



Thus then I have three main classes : — 



1. Aborigines, 



2. Modern Indians, and 



3. Borderers. 



The 2nd are of course by far the largest and most important class. 



Besides making the distinction among modern Indians of high and 

 low Arians, there are one or two other points which I would 

 notice, before going into details. 





