106 The Ethnology of India. 



apply the name (as to a profession), but a considerable and far extended 

 people. On the Frontier, above the Salt Range and extending up into 

 Peshawar, there is a considerable class of ' Mulleals' who are I believe 

 Mallies (though like most of the people of those parts now Mahom- 

 medans), and who are very industrious cultivators and gardeners. 



Throughout the plains of the Punjab, there is again a very im- 

 portant and numerous class who seem to be allied to the above, 

 called Raees or Raeens. These people have generally villages of their 

 own, or hold divisions of villages on equal terms with Jats and others, 

 and under a similar constitution. They chiefly affect the best lands 

 and finer cultivation, where they pay a high revenue and are much 

 appreciated by native governments ; for they are probably, on the 

 whole, the best cultivators in the Province. They are not martial, 

 but are generally (like almost all Punjabee Mahommedans) fair and 

 good-looking men. They are all, so far as I know, Mahommedans, 

 which may account for their bearing a different name from their 

 Hindu congeners, if congeners they be. So far as I am aware, they 

 are not known by this name beyond the Punjab. 



A little farther east, long before we come to the Koormees, we meet 

 with Hindu Mallies. I know that between Umballa and Dehli, in the 

 Khytul country (one by nature very little suited for gardening 

 operations), there are a good many Mallie villages. In the North West 

 Provinces I do not think that they are much known as independent 

 landholders, but as gardeners they are scattered about. I find men- 

 tion made of them as common about Ajmere and on the Southern 

 frontier of Hindustan. Beyond Jubbulpore they are common, mixed 

 with the Koormees. Thence going onwards to the Maratta country, 

 in Nagpore also they share the country with the Koonbees, and are 

 the class next in importance to these latter. In fact, in all this part 

 of Central India, (the southern limits of Hindustan and the Maratta 

 country), Koormees and Mallies seemed to be classed together. The 

 Patels, I learned, were either Koonbees or Mallies, and they often 

 divided the same villages. The two classes (I was told by the Patels 

 of the Nagpore country) will eat together, but do not intermarry. 

 In this latitude both Mallees and Koormees extend far to the east. 

 I find mention of the former in Orissa, and of the latter in Maunbhoom 

 and other districts of Chota-Nagpore, 



