TJie Ethnology of India. 147 



I have before alluded to the Hazarahs beyond Cabul and Ghuznee, 

 who come down to Peshawar and the Punjab for labour. This name 

 " Hazarah" has no connection with that of the Cis-Indus district 

 so called from a town of that name. These Hazarahs are Persian in 

 speech, Sheeah in religion, and decidedly Mongol in feature, charac- 

 teristics, which would seem to tally with the story of their having 

 been a body of slaves in the train of some Mahomedan conqueror; 

 but whether this is really historical, I cannot say. They are very 

 independent and industrious, decidedly a good race. 



The people of Grhilgit are the farthest Arians of the country whence 

 the Indus flows. To the north the people are of Turkish race, and in 

 the valley of the Indus above the junction with the Grhilgit river are 

 the Bultees of Iskardo, &c. The language of the Bultees is decidedly 

 Thibetan, and their features show a large proportion of the blood of that 

 race. Some of it may be, as they say, that of Alexander, for anything I 

 know to the contrary ; but we should hardly have heard of it, if they 

 had not been Mahomedans. They are Sheeahs, as are several tribes in 

 those higher countries, a circumstance which has not been explained. 

 They seem to be a good, stout, quiet race. The Maharajah of 

 Cashmere (who rules the country) has enlisted many of them into 

 his service, apparently with advantage. 



In the upper valleys of the Sutlej, in Spiti, Kanawer, &c. there are 

 mixed races exhibiting much Thibetan blood, and apparently more 

 Buddhist than Hindu in religion. A very Thibetan-looking colony 

 used to be settled at Mahasoo just beyond Simla, and people of that 

 race did much of the heavier work, carrying wood on their backs. 

 They are powerful, ruddy-looking people, and as entirely unlike 

 Indians as anything one can imagine. The women especially are 

 remarkably fine females in an industrial sense ; but in other respects, 

 whatever they may be from a Turanian point of view, they are not 

 likely to be dangerous to the Arian visitors to the sanatarium. 



From this point for many hundred miles to the east, all the passes, 

 the very crests and centres of the passes through the snowy range, are 

 occupied by a peculiar tribe who almost monopolise the trade across, 

 principally carried on upon the backs of sheep. They also cultivate 

 some land. They are known as the " Bhooteas," but that is so wide 

 a word (in fact identical with Thibetan) that it is little guide to us. 



