18 08.] Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 23 



and sins, and who has sipped a hand full from the intellectual fountain 

 of the poets of Persia, states as follows — 



I have examined the Farhang i Jahangiri and Sururi, and consider 

 them the best dictionaries existing. But they also contain much 

 that is wrong in matter and principle. 



1. Both authors have . enlarged their dictionaries by quoting as 

 proofs, useless verses, and repeating them on several places. 



2. They are not sufficiently painstaking in ascertaining the correct 

 form of words, their vowels and meanings. 



3. They enter occasionally Arabic words, and omit to state that 

 the words are not Persian. 



4. Both often enter the same words on different places, but wrongly 

 spelt, or even mistake them for separate words. Thus words occur 

 spelt witli a c_> he and a uj pe ; with a ci> U and a & nun ; with a cfJ 

 kdf&a& a d> g&f ; with a Jl> shin and a ^ tin ; with aj ze and a h jzM 

 and a j re. Such mistakes are especially frequent in Sururi, though 

 less in the Farhang. 



Besides there are actual blunders, as shall be shewn below. And 



curiously enough, both compilers confound words commencing with a 



ill kdf and a J him, with a j wdw and a j re\ and other letters 



which it is almost impossible to mistake. As an example I may 



mention the word j\J gurdz, which has in Suniri the following 



meanings— 1, a certain disease. This is a mistake for the Ar. j\jf 



huzdz. 2, a hind of vessel, also called v-&3 tang. This is a mistake 



for the Ar. j\J kurdz. The Farhang again entersjiy kawdz, with a 



wdw instead of a re. 3, a stick to urge on cattle. This is a mistake 



for j\J guwaz. Or, the Farhang gives a word \d*jt) zerfdn [or 



according to some MSS. ztrfdri], the moon. This is a mistake for the 



Arab. cA-yj zibirqdn. Again, both the Farhang and Sururi give 



<J>J hdf and «jy hdf; but the former is wrong ; or ^ and gjJ 



squinting, the latter being wrong. Similar mistakes are— **^i 



navjabah and *^y taujabah, a torrent ; c^^ V d 9 ll6s]h anJ (J^ 



ndglwsh, a dive ; ^^ nahhjad and ^sr^ bahhjad, dross ; y^> hasar 



and j~*> masar, ice ; £^ A haidahh and £*# baidaM, a swift horse ; 



aili$j pahndnah and 4ily° ™aJmdnah, a monkey; &c, as shall be 



seen below. Such mistakes are more numerous in Surdri than in 



the Farhang. 



