1808.] Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 35 



c. The Turanian has preserved a clear distinction between the jlj 

 and b, when J^s* (6, e) and o^ (tt, i). The modern I'ranian has 

 only Jj/w forma (i, d). The words which have a majhul letter must 

 be learned from the Dictionaries ; Indian Persian grammars specify 

 the cases, when the ending ^ is pronounced ojj**. 



d. The Turanian has in all cases preserved the <^ oy. The 

 I'ranian has given it up in some, especially after an alif. Thus 

 forms like f^U>, ^\j, »!? c/f, <W> &c -> are Pronounced in l'i an 

 onandam, rundam, ungdh, harunchi, but in India still mondam^ randam, 



&c. 



e. The Turanian never adopted the interchange of Jut 0) and 



itzctl (i). 



/. Certain words are peculiar to the Turanians. Examples— c5J 

 he for the I'ranian j\ ; ^J «0fl for^~J ; y~> side for o^-b ; ^ hnsband, 

 iovjbjb ; a& t&zum for ^ ; »^W «?«i*»jj for fU ; <jr;i for c*^ 5 *& 

 brother-in-law fory>i^y*^ ; »&i or &4 sister-in-law for ojj^ ; 

 j^j> &ro$A«r for j^ ; i^U Jb* mother-in-law for i#j*U ;y-^ 

 father-in-law for oj^ ; ^^ for ojj^-f; i^JIj and ^K to 

 wkwcA for ^i~^ ; er^'^ L>J*> ^ ^ roto t*e* rrow for l^M 



Uj*? ; ^-^ ^ 5 ^ for c^^ ; lj 1 ^ /y r ^ e l01 ' ufi^-J. 1 -ly^ ( cl - 



j^ i£U& J) yesterday for j^W ; wf P**j!j* to *" r// (footer) for 

 v f cj->^ lto4) ; jty cJ^jLr» to ^ww* awfl^ (<%) for jjy i^i*<w ; o^oy 

 to to; .tttf* 5 ^ for &*r*>j\j*\ ^«Hfr*^ to steep for c^Jrfl^ ; ^J, the 



same as «*>&, e.g., ^^4/ J «*» % sacrijice ; &*4> ^^ l ° l " 

 cJ^of <ij/ ; oajJ&L for o'^'f ; iy*JU» 1. the same as o^ to put ; 

 2. the same as ^^1^ to leave behind, e. g., fO^ O li = j4 L>-Ht ^ 

 have left the thing on the shelf, where j^ is a Turanian form for 

 K^Lc ; or, A^Uj [;*H* ^1 foroe *Ais &©»*« ( *^t*4 ) I 8 - tlie same as 

 t^iU o^J= to divorce; 4. the same as a>«H^; ^^ to leaoe he ' 

 hind ; &c. 



Although several of those words do occur in I'ranian authors, yet 

 we generally find them used in peculiar places, as in rhyme, where 

 it was difficult to avoid them ; or in order to prevent repetitions, &c. 



The following peculiarities appear to be limited to the Persian 

 spoken and written in India. 



a. Words have peculiar meanings. Examples — Xdj»»1 , the same as 

 j*» satisfied ; »^^»o^ leavings ; o***^ absence for c*H p ; Jvo misl a 



