18G8.] Contributions to Persian Lexicography. 39 



^j-Js LfLH^ Shiwd i ThsI, Firdausi. 

 ^s^Ai Faci7i-i-Ganjaici, Niziimi of Granjah. 



tJU+Jltf^Khalldq ul Madid, the " shaper" of meanings, Kamul 

 of Ic fall an. 



L5Jlr-^ f%" or ^J-'!> i ■^ ,, *-***} Sa'di. 

 /c»|«xw <!U>I*^, or to^V*Wl JU*\ or < 



c5JLrfc* <^L^> or t^!/*^' JUi", or v^l c'l — ', ILifiz. 

 j$j3Lo( f&S haldm i asdtidzah (plural of ustddz), or c £*jai/o f&Z, 

 or *Jjj* (s\j**» r*^> the pre-classical and classical poets. 

 In quoting a poet, the word c^olj vast is often used, as o~«»|j iLJL^ 

 JI////Z says. 



2. The Mogul emperors of Delhi are rarely mentioned by their 

 names, but by their laqabs. 



^ICo^j^ Jirdaus mal-dni, Zahiruddin Babar, 1526 to 1530. 

 • JUL»f cui.^. format astdnt, Naciruddin Ilunniyiin, 1530 to 



155G. Jannat dshydni is also used. 

 c5 J^f<J» r c 'arsh dshydni, Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, 155G 



to 1GU5. 

 ^iK*oA». jannat makdni, Nuruddin Muhammad Jahangir, 

 " 1G05 to 1627. 



l jilx&'f ( j»)&j* jirdaus dsliydm, Shilmb udd'n Muhammad Sliah- 

 jahan. He is also called ^yb <jjy t-^La cahib qiian i sani, 

 the second lord of conjunction, Taimiir, his ancestor, being 

 the first. 1627 to 1658. 

 ^J&o i>la> khuld malcdni, Muni uddin Muhammad Aurangzcb, 

 1658 to 1707. Native historians prefer the name 'Alanujir. 

 <Jy\* *1±. Muld manzilj Qutbuddfn Muhammad Mu'azzim 

 Shah 'A'lam, also called Bahadur Shah, 1707 to 1712. 

 Regarding the form of these laqabs I may mention, that there are 

 abstract nouns. Thus ^±^1 ^J> T * means an occupying of the highest 

 heaven as a resting place. Like the abstract noun &*&£■ 'alld/nah, 

 it then becomes a title, " dwelling in heaven." Similar terms are 

 iS^^fif miryam maMni, dwelling with the Virgin Mary, the name 

 of one of Akbar's wives ; ^■^■^ jy nurcliashni my dear son ; ^(f&lvi 

 qiblahg&hi my revered teacher; L? Jj*S.s: /0 majdzuli, pr. my attracted 

 one, my pupil. Native grammarians call this ^ the JlSXc ^Ij yd i 

 m ut ah alii m, as if ^(f <xl\j' were the same as ^ *(f <xJlxii qiblahgah i man. 

 We may compare our Mylord and the A. sayyidi. When these words 



