60 Contributions to Persian Lexicography. [No. 1, 



L ,y^ bulhawas. It is wrong to derive this word from the P. 

 prefix JL.M much, as some Indian grammarians and lexicographers 

 have done, whose opinion Vullers adopts. It is another spelling for 

 ,Wl> • This is also confirmed hy the fact that hut bulhawas occurs, 

 ^d not bulhos, whilst Us is a Persian tacarruf of the Arab Unas. 

 Again, the few real Persian compounds with bul are a11 a » cient 



The personel of Persian love poetry consists of the JAU, the u^*-, 

 the ~U &U, the v*J ™# (« «**> or ^ mudda Q who watches 

 over the LvftOg, and lastly, «n*«e«. Among the latter are those 

 who are ^ Mid abstemious, indifferent to love, and those who are 

 ^ W MftawB, who possess no J**, hut u^taM Ishq h 

 Jl^l^lu batiuzzawil constant ; ftauas is transient, J U><t fc^ «•* 

 uzzawil, though passionate. 



^ * W.J more. This word is followed by jl ; jb *. ^ more 

 than a' hundred times. But Jl may be left out, when J* stands «/ter 

 the numeral ; as ^Ji ~ more than a hundred times. A hundred 

 times more would be jf# £>. *° 5 ad *** ' d, g ar - 



, e b pai. In pre-classical Persian we never find tfb, t«j, tsrf, and 

 Imperatives as tf l*, ^W, &c, without the l/ . During the Clas- 

 cal period the J is often thrown away. In modern Persian the 

 forms without the * are the usual forms. Hence the modern adjective 

 ^U~b pi-hisab subject to rendering an account, in the Indian phrase 

 Jw/Ji—b U g$. Similarly, taxes are the ^kU ^b param , 

 salrlimt. In compounds, when ^ is not followed by a genitive, the 

 shortened form & pai is often preferred ; *# * *W ^J* «* oyery 

 one cares for it ; ^ *>^ to go straight at a thing, to understand 

 the essence of a thing; «fet »j-M uj to strive to reach the 

 goal; but b«>S| *-J** lAV ^.*te same, ^b occurs also 

 adverbially, under, the same as iybb >>, or c^j. dar taht; «. y., 

 ^^y^li ^b J |eJ^«-' r b the collector writes the name of 

 every Tahcildar below the name of the village. 



eJ^jb p&ogosht. What Vullers has copied from Richardson is 

 wrong. The word means ijfe**, and is the name of a regulation of 

 the emperor Akhar by which he wished to determine the fatness, or 

 otherwise, of an animal in proportion to the quantity of food given, vide 

 A.A. p. 163. jb is Hind. 



