44 Ornithological Observations in tie Sutlej valley, [No. 1, 



the young male all the edges on the outer webs of the wing feathers 

 are bluish, the general colour is dark ashy brown ; the tail often 

 has the white on the base ferruginous, which is in the young female 

 rather mixed with dusky, the general colouring of the plumage above 

 being greyish brown, and the external edges of the wings slightly 

 ferruginous, not bluish. Young males, shot in November, very closely 

 resembled the old ones, except that the general dark cyaneous colour- 

 ing and the ferruginous on the tail were not equally pure. 



Very common all through the Sutlej valley from about 3,000 feet 

 up to 13,000 feet ; it is plentiful about Chini and can be seen almost in 

 every ravine. I found it, as also Rut. rufiventris, breeding near Losar 

 in the Spiti valley on an elevation of 13,000 feet. It lives here 

 during the summer, but migrates to the lower hills about October, 

 when the young birds are full grown. 



135. Chzemorrornis leucocephala, Vig. (II. 143). The female 

 is duller black, than the male, especially on the rump and belly, the 

 black feathers only being tipped pale rufous ; the posterior vent and 

 the tail-coverts are pale ferruginous ; tail itself chesnut ; in all other 

 respects of colouring, male and female are similar. 



Common all through the N. W. Himalayas, extending from the 

 lower wooded ranges far into Tibet and probably into Central Asia. 

 When I crossed the Lanier pass (somewhat above 20,000 feet) in 

 Bupshu, the only bird, besides Otocornis pemcillata, which I have seen 

 the next morning upon an elevation of about 17,500 feet, was this 

 species. I have observed several specimens, but it is not likely, that they 

 were breeding, for the temperature certainly must fall here to, or 

 below the freezing point of water, every night all through the year. 

 During the cold weather, the species migrates partially to the low 

 Himalayan ranges, partially to the plains of Northern India. 



136. Larvivora cyana, Hodgs. (II. 145), is a rare bird in the 

 Sutlej valley and does not go eastwards beyond Nachar. It chiefly 

 frequents low woods between 4 and 7,000 feet. The general colouring 

 very much recalls that of Sitta Himalayana, 



137. Janthia cyanura, P alias (II. 146). The female has (in 

 winter plumage) a narrow superciliar stripe ; the external edges of all 

 the wing feathers are of a similar pale greenish, or olive brown colour 

 as is likewise the upper plumage of the head, the scapulars and the 



