1868.] K W. Himalaya. 55 



a specimen of this species in October 1865 on an elevated point beyond 

 Belaspoor, and found it tolerably common in the pine and cedar 

 forests near Kistwar and Badrawar. The species very much resembles 

 the European JV. cariocatadhcs, only that the white blotches are 

 somewhat larger and perhaps more numerous, the quills and the two 

 central tail feathers are usually tipped white ; the plumage above also 

 appears to be darker, than it is in European specimens. 



191. GrARULUS BISPEOULABIS, Vig. (II. 307), and 



192. G-arrulus lanceolatus, Vi(j. (11.308), are both common, 

 but the latter is more confined to the lower ranges about Simla while 

 the former occurs much further to North, and in the interior of the 

 hills, it is occasionally seen about Chini ; both species are also common 

 at Kotegurh in winter. 



193. Urocissa occypitalis, Blyih t (II. 309, U. sinensis, and III. 

 873). This is the only common species of Urocissa occurring in the 

 Sutlej valley, I never have observed the U. cncn/la/a, Gould, noticed 

 by Dr. Jerdon (III. 873) as distinct from V. J/avirostris of Sikkim. 



194. Dendrocitta rufa, Scop. (II. 314), and 



195. Dend. Him.vlayana, Blyth, (III. 316, No. 676, and III. 

 ; 874), are both only found in the lower hills between 2 and 5,000 feet 



the last one occasionally occurs op to 7,000 feet ; but very seldom in 

 : the interior of the hills ; both are also met with in Southern Kashmir. 



196. Fregilus Himalayanus,* Goal d, (II. 319), is rare during 

 I the summer in the neighbourhood of Chini and only on elevations of 



and above 11,000 feet ; it is, however, more common in these parts 

 during the cold weather ; most of the birds live in summer in the 

 Spiti valley, Tibet, and probably all through Central Asia, extending 

 into Siberia, but 1 have nowhere in western Tibet seen them in large 

 numbers ; in Spiti, I have generally observed them at elevations from 

 13,000 to 15,000 feet. They live in pairs or three or four together, 

 and at some distance from villages, being apparently very shy. 



41. J- i tLis is dfstinct from *W graculvs. L. G o u I d says that 



the Himalayan species has a larger beak, but when lately in Vienna I have com par- 

 etlmy specimens with the European ones and found, a specimen from Savoy had 



, a longer and stronger bill, than either of my Himalayan ones ; size and colour do 

 not otter any distinctions. I strongly believe that the Himalayan bird is 



. not specifically distinct from the European (Feb. 1868.) 



