1868.] N. W. Himalaya. 59 



rufous. When I passed through the Sutlej valley at Kotegurh, Rampoor 

 and Nachar in June 1866, I have not observed a single specimen of 

 this species, but on my return through the same parts in August I 

 found the males most abundant, but not a single female. I cannot 

 at the present account for the solitary appearance of the former. 



212. Emberiza pusilla, Pall. (II. 376), is very rare at Kotegurh, 

 and only to be seen in winter ; I have not noticed it during the 

 summer in W. Tibet, it must travel further northwards. 



213. Euspiza melanocepuala, Gm el. (II 378), is common in 

 the low hills about Belaspoor and Kangra. 



214. Melopiius melanicterus, G m e I. (II. 381), is generally found, 

 on bare slopes of hills or open places, all along the southern ranges of 

 the N. W. Himalayas, but it never approaches the Tibetan climate ; it 

 does not go even as far east as Chini, and it is very improbable that it 

 inhabits the western parts of Central Asia, although it may be identical 

 with the species occurring in China. At Kotegurh it breeds in summer 

 during the months of May and June, but it does not remain here in 

 winter. 



fringillin^ are especially numerous on the lower ranges during the 

 cold weather, while in summer they are mostly to be found at greater 

 elevations, in western Tibet and in Central Asia. Some of the species 

 appear to be, however, permanent inhabitants of the outer ranges. 



215. Hesperipiiona icter ioides, Vig. (II. 384). The yellow on the 

 back is in the old bird often mingled with some black feathers. The 

 young female is like the old one, but the young male has in the first 

 winter the whole head with the sides, nape, chin and throat ashy ; the 

 rest of the plumage is yellowish green, brighter below ; the primaries, 

 secondaries and the tail feathers are black, the tertiaries green on the 

 outer webs, black on the inner, all the coverts being greenish. Common 

 about Kotegurh and N. of Simla, in summer and winter, at elevations 

 of 5,000 to 9,000 feet ; the species does not go far in the interior, at 

 least not beyond the limit of the large forests. 



216. Pyrrhula erythrocephala, Vig. (II. 389) ; the shining 

 blue black feathers on the wings and on the tail are narrowly barred 

 across with dull black lines ; the species breeds about Kotegurh between 

 6,000 and 8,000 feet, but it is found all through the valley up to the 

 limit of the pine and cedar forests ; it is also common in Lahul and 



