64 Ornithological Observations in the Sutlej valley, [No. 1, 



232. Mirafra cantilans, Je r d. (II. 420), is the only species of 

 this genus which has been observed on the lesser ranges along the 

 Sutlej valley ; it usually frequents grassy slopes of hills. 



233 Calandrella brachydactyla, Te m m., (II. 426) is common 

 in the eastern portions of the valley, beyond Chini, and in winter also 



in the low hills. 



234. Alaudula raytal, Buch Ham., (II. 428) ; the typical 

 smaller species was by me occasionally observed during the summer in 

 Ladak, but it probably migrates farther to north ; in winter it arrives 

 in Kulu and the north of India in larger numbers and is often caged. 



235. Alaudula pispoletta, Pallas, (II. 429), will stand as a 

 distinct species ; it was procured by me near Korzog in Rupshu, but 

 appears to be much rarer than the last species ; it most probably also 

 migrates in winter to the lower hills and to the plains of North India. 



In general colouring, it is very like Al. raytal, except that the ear- 

 coverts are more whitish, and the feathers on the head and nape very 

 narrowly streaked dusky brown, while they are more distinctly streak- 

 ed in the former species ; in size it is decidedly larger, the bill being 

 in proportion rather long and slender, horny above, pale yellow 

 below at the base, the upper mandible at the tip a little less curved ; 

 legs fleshy brown ; length of wing 3f inches ; tail 2J inches. 



236. Otocoris longirostris, Gould, (II. 431), is common all 

 through W. Tibet, where it usually remains all the year round, only 

 few birds migrating to the lower hills or to the North of India. I found 

 this species near the highest passes on the N. W. Himalayas, following 

 the tracks of merchants on the snow and searching after gram. It 

 has not been obtained by my shikarees at Kotegurh, but I am told that 

 it is common in winter in eastern Bissahir, and Gould described it from 

 a specimen, which is said to have been procured at Agra. Its song is 

 remarkably like that of a true lark, for which it may very easily be 

 mistaken from its voice only. 



237. Alauda leucoptera, P a 1 1 a s, occurs in eastern Bissahir 

 near the extreme frontier of the Chinese territory. I have no- 

 where observed Alauda triborhyncha, Hodgs., which ought to be 

 considerably larger than the next species. 



238. Alauda gulgula, FranJcl (II. 434), is common all over 

 W. Tibet and during the summer also in eastern Bissahir, migrating 

 to the plains in winter. 



