gg Notes on the Pangong lake district of Ladahh. [No. 2, 



deal of woody root, and is found all over this eonntry ; and I never 

 found a scarcity of it even up to 18,000 feet in the Chang Chungnio, 

 sa ve where the ravines were very rocky. Descending from the small 

 ridge between Paljung and Pal, the extensive plain near the latter 

 comes in view, bounded by low spurs on every side save the eas , 

 where a conspicuous peak rears its head. A small stream winds its 

 way through the eastern side of the << maidan," and join, the lake 

 being the only one on the northern shore that does so. Three and 

 a half miles beyond Pal, the second lake ends, and a small stream 

 I found flowing" into it through half a mile of sandy flat ground 

 heyond which is another lake, called Tso Rum, having a length of 

 about four miles. After crossing again some flat ground, Lake Tso 

 Nyak, (the second,) is reached connected as before described with 

 Tso Bum below. Near the northern shore of this last is situated 

 the small village of Noli, a short distance up a tributary from the 

 north This place I much wished to visit, but as will be shown 

 further on, I could not manage to accomplish it. On the northern 

 shore of Tso Nyak, the effects of a very peculiar natural force may 

 be seen; at intervals a ridge of sand and earth runs parallel to 

 the line of beach, at first I attributed this to the action of waves, 

 but observing the large proportions of these banks in some situations 

 and at last s eeing the ridge quite 6 feet high; and, moreover that 

 the bank had been fairly turned up, as if with a gigantic plough, 

 I was fairly puzzled to account for such an appearance and on ques- 

 tioning the guides then learnt, that during winter, when the lake 

 is frozen over hard, the water naturally accumulates under the ice 

 and flowing westward can find no exit. When the pressure becomes 

 too great it tears up the frozen earth on the shore and being liberated 

 flows over the surface of the ice. I give a slight sketch (Fig. 4.) 

 of a section through one of these banks, showing the old surface grass 

 still growing on the perpendicular face of the upheaved ground, which 

 of course is on the inland side. On measuring this, I found it an inch 

 or two over 6 feet. 



