112 Notes on the Pangong lake district of Ladakh. [No. 2, 



Laving a breadth nearly equal to that of the above lake. I retraced 

 my steps therefore down the valley finishing the sketch of it. Some 

 fine agates and cornelian are to be found in a small ravine at the 

 spot, where the long southern spur from Chamkang H. S. abuts on 

 the Kyamgo Traggar. I made a short ascent here, in order to look 

 over into the country to the south-east. This presented the appearance 

 of large broad level valleys that might almost come under the designa- 

 tion of plains, the undulating ridges that divided them being of so 

 little elevation. On the 15th August I had returned to the junction 

 of the road from Pal, with that running down the valley towards the 

 direction of Leh, and encamped close to the hot springs of Kyam. 

 These rise at foot of the hills on the left bank ; the alluvial plateau, 

 on the edge of which they are situated, extends for about half a mile 

 to the river, and ends in a low cliff. The water rises in several spots, 

 covering a distance of about 150 yards long. The spring on the 

 extreme west side is the largest, and temperature the highest : this 

 I give below. The ground about is wet and swampy, and consequent- 

 ly beautifully green with grass and weeds; an incrustation of lime 

 had formed about the springs, but very sparingly. 



Western spring, 103.5 degrees. 



Centre, 102.0 „ 



Eastern, 98-0 » 



From the north-west a large tributary here joined the Chang 

 Chungmo river, adding so much to the 'depth of its waters, that it 

 was a matter of difficulty crossing at the two fords below Kyam. 

 The valley now lessened much in breadth, but the alluvial deposits 

 were still well developed, and were cut into a series of steps by the 

 gradual falling of the lake, or the diminished waters of the river on a 

 drier climate commencing. At Pamzal the valley was still narrower, 

 but these accumulations had disappeared. Here the Chang Chungmo 

 is left, and the road leads up the Rimdi Loomba to the Marse Mik La, 

 (18,452) and thence descends towards the Pangong basin, with a gra- 

 dual fall down a broad valley passing Phobrang, Yurgo, Tublang to 

 Lukung. At Chuggra, about three miles short of Phobrang, I turned 

 to the north-west to the Kepting Kiptung La, 17,642. In the 

 Cedmure Loomba was a green expanse of grass, with a rather severe 

 ascent to a grazing spot called Boomzi, from this a high broad plateau 



