1808.] Geological features of Blwotan Dooars. 119 



forming at Tsulcha Pahar and Rnngamntti isolated high points of 

 ground. The watershed between the Dholla and Jholdaka is thrown 

 Oft from Tsulcha and running due south towards Ramsahai Hath 

 terminates there in a marked low scarp of sand and gravel about 20 

 feet high, beyond this a more clayey level begins and blends 

 into the dead level of the plains. Looking due east from Tsul- 

 cha over the Jholdaka, the conglomerate deposits are seen abut- 

 ting on the river, and terminate at Tondoo in a high cliff about 

 120 feet high irregularly but horizontally stratified, some of the 

 boulders being of large dimensions, one remarkably large, about 

 10 feet high, lay at the foot of the cliff. About half a mile below 

 this in the bed of the Jholdaka the masses of gneissose rock were o f 

 very large dimensions, their size and position so far from the 

 hills requiring the existence of more than the ordinary transporting 

 power of moving water. This cliff follows the left bank of the 

 Jholdaka and the road to Sipchu runs at the base of it as far as 

 the trijunction of the Jiti and Sipchu with the Jholdaka. Looking 

 up the first named river, the masses of conglomerate beds with clays, 

 are seen to rise into very considerable proportions, and towards the 

 east form low hills running up to the main mass of the mountains. 

 I was unable to proceed far up the Jiti nulla, but it is far from 

 unlikely that the sandstone formation may be found there, the look 

 of the gorge gave somewhat the appearance of being cut through 

 these rocks. The greater elevation of the newer deposits on this side 

 of the Jholdaka also favours this idea, as they may have been raised by 

 the upthrow of the sandstone on which they are seen to rest when 

 both are present, and I may say generally unconformably. At the 

 Jiti nuddec the road to Sipchu rises to the top of the high terrace 

 that overlooks the left bank of the Jholdaka for the rest of the 

 distance. No one, as they proceed, can fail to remark the succeeding 

 sudden rises on to higher levels sharply and straightly defined. This 

 with a slight slope to the main surface causes the mass of this 

 formation at Sipchu to be of very great thickness ; it is there seen 

 abutting against the gneiss rocks quite 500 feet above the bed of the 

 Dcchu, and no trace of the tertiary sandstones are here to be seen. 

 Close beyond this the conglomerates have been removed, and the 

 gneiss extends low down to the bed of the river Dechu, but between 



