1867.] the Western Himalaya and Afghan Mountains. 29 



nummulitic tract follows the foot of the Himalayan ranges along the 

 southern versant of the Pir Punjal chain and its continuation to the 

 S. E. It begins in the valley of Poonch ; it is seen north of Rajaori, 

 and the pebbles of the streams near Rajaori are often nummulitic 

 limestone, though the parent -beds have not yet been discovered. I 

 cannot say whether nummulitic beds are to be seen to the north of 

 Tummoo, Basaoli, and Noorpoor or in Kangra, but they appear near 

 Subathoo in long. 77° lat. 31°, and have further been just discovered 

 by Captain Gr. Austen on the east of the Ganges in Kumaoon. 

 But this nummulitic along the foot of the Himalaya is either 

 much denuded or much covered up by Miocene, and does not make 

 such a show on the surface as the other belt which follows the 

 direction of the Afghan mountains. 



To the north of these zones of nummulite we meet the volcanic 

 hills, which I have described in the first chapter. 



69. The stratum of nummulite in Hazara, occasionally broken 

 through, or faulted or denuded sufficiently to allow of older rocks 

 making their appearance. 



At the northern end of Mount Sirbun near Abbottabad, carboni- 

 ferous limestone resting on volcanic rocks is quarried for building 

 purposes. The limestone belongs to the Weean and Kothair groups 

 and is thin-bedded, arenaceous, marly and occasionally conglomeratic. 

 It is of considerable thickness and immediately covered in by lime- 

 stone, the lower beds of which are so poor in fossils that it is im- 

 possible to identify them, the upper being nummulitic. 



The following is a section near the small village of Sheikh Wandie, 

 from E. to W. 



