118 Badioni and his Works. [No. 3, 



father Muluk Shah, went to Sambhal, where ' during the reign of 

 Islem* Shah (952 to 960)' 'Abdul Qadir learnt to read and chant the 

 Qoran. At Sambhal also lived Shaikh Panjd, the spiritual guide 

 fpir i dastgir) of his father Muluk Shah. The Shaikh who was a 

 pupil of the famous Shaikh Adhan of Jaunpur, was as distinguished 

 for his profundity in pufism, as for the beauty of his voice, and for his 

 talents of speech and address ; and it is perhaps from him that 'Abdul 

 Qadir acquired the fine intonation which subsequently recommended 

 him to Akbar. In 960, while still at Sambhal, 'Abdul Qadir studied 

 Muhammadan law under Miyan Hatim and Shaikh Abulfath, son of 

 the renowned Shaikh Ilahdiyahf of Khairabad (II, 286). With the 

 former 'Abdul Qadir studied the Kanz ifiqah i Hanafi, and became in 

 time his direct disciple fmurid i rasMdJ, when Hatim honoured him 

 with the cap and the ' tree' of his own teacher 'Azfzullah. Hatim, who died 

 in 969, must have been a Shaikh of great renown ; for not only has 

 'Abdul Qadir placed him first among his biographies of the learned of 

 Akbar's reign (Vol. Ill), but Abulfazl has done so likewise in his list 

 of the learned (Second book of the Ain). 



During 'Abdul Qadir's stay in Sambhal, Basawar and the surround- 

 ing districts were plundered by Hemii in his expedition (961) against 

 Ibrahim Khan ; and the exhausted state of the district was rendered 

 mere pitiable during the dreadful famine of 962, when 'Abdul Qadir 

 witnessed the death from hunger of thousands and the dreadful sight 

 of man eating man (I, 423). During the sack of Basawar by Henm, 

 the library also of 'Abdul Qadir's father perished. 



In 966, the third year of Akbar's reign, 'Abdul Qadir accompanied 

 his father to Agrah, where he lived in the house of Mihr 'Ali Beg 

 Saldoz, who subsequently rose to high dignity. After a journey with 

 Mihr 'Ali Beg (related in Elliot's Index, p. 233) to the fortress of 

 Chanar, 'Abdul Qadir continued his studies in Agrah, under Shaikh 



* Islem, witli the yd i majhul (e), is the vulgar and Indian pronunciation 

 for Islam ; hence we also find towns called Islenvptir. This change (imdlah) 

 of a long a to e has in many words become classical. Another well-known 

 Indian example is haweM, the environs of a town, for hawdlt, which has now-a- 



days taken another meaning. But ^xl*»| } with the imdlah, is never pronounced 



islim. Vide Elliot's Index, p. 229, note 2. 



f Ildhdiyah is the Hindustani for the Persian Ildhddd. Another form is 

 Allah diyahy pr. God has given, Theodore. So also Ildhdbdd and Allahdbdd, 

 Ildhwirdi Khan and Allahwvrdi Khan. 



