1869.] Geological Notes on the Khasi Hills. 9 



extremely coarse subangular quartzitic grit, set in a white sandy 

 matrix. The whole thickness would be up to this point about 150 

 feet of horizontal bedding. Here a very fine grained series of beds 

 comes in conformably. In this occurs a dark carbonaceous shale from 

 two to three feet thick, shewing on fracture indistinct traces of 

 carbonized wood and vegetable matter ; it was very fine and soft, with 

 few mica grains here and there. The colour is of a dark indigo, ap- 

 proaching to black in places ; the little carbonized bits of wood still 

 showed the fibre. The beds above this I could not see in section, but 

 quite 30 feet or more, cap the hill. A great deal of loose stone lies 

 about, and also shaly white fine clays and fine sands, more or less 

 micaceous. The sands are thin-bedded, white and pink, some beds 

 being composed of a finer material of a light blue colour, and 

 full of minute bits of blackened vegetable matter. On splitting 

 several of the slabs, I disclosed some very perfect impressions of large 

 well developed leaves. The greater number of these were evidently 

 of grasses, as large as bamboo, and interlaced over and under each 

 other. 



The Lumdekorh hill has no great area on the top, it is perfectly 

 isolated, and another small hill of the same formation stands to 

 the N. W., about 400 yards off. For 40 feet it falls in a cliff, 



! and thence in steep latus the rest of the height ; but owing to 

 the dense jungle, it is almost impossible to examine the cliff. The 

 G arrow hills rise rather abruptly on the S.W. into long flat-topped hills, 

 having no conspicuous eminences, and are covered with forest ; they so 



; vary in height that no particular tree can be selected anywhere on 

 their crests, that might serve, when observed from some other station, 

 as a point for the detail Surveyor. Deep ravines proceed towards 

 the plains, cut through horizontally stratified rocks. On the south 

 rise two eminences of the same type as Lumdekorh, and in one and 

 the same true line, due N. W. — S. E. It is curious to find these 

 isolated masses, the last remnants of a higher level of the formation, 

 still remaining, when all else has been removed. To the cast of 

 Nongkuba village, a hard hornblendic gneiss was seen, and the same 

 rock extends towards Maomarin. A short distance before reaching 



'this place, the path towards the south diverges, passing the site of 

 the deserted village of Umlangyem. 



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