﻿COMMON 
  KOKLASS 
  PHEASANT 
  23 
  

  

  and 
  during 
  this 
  transitory 
  period 
  it 
  must 
  function 
  with 
  more 
  effect 
  than 
  the 
  growing 
  

   tail-feathers. 
  

  

  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  extreme 
  gradation 
  of 
  the 
  feathers 
  and 
  their 
  simultaneous 
  growth 
  

   it 
  is 
  rather 
  difficult 
  to 
  prove 
  the 
  Phasianine 
  method 
  of 
  moult 
  of 
  the 
  rectrices 
  in 
  

   succession, 
  from 
  the 
  outer 
  to 
  the 
  inner 
  pairs, 
  in 
  such 
  an 
  individual 
  as 
  this. 
  Careful 
  

   measurements, 
  however, 
  and 
  comparison 
  with 
  the 
  full-grown 
  tail-feathers 
  of 
  adults, 
  

   shows 
  a 
  most 
  beautiful 
  gradation. 
  At 
  the 
  moment 
  when 
  this 
  young 
  male 
  was 
  shot 
  the 
  

   rectrices 
  had 
  completed 
  the 
  following 
  percentages 
  of 
  growth 
  : 
  

  

  Inner 
  pair 
  45 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  2nd 
  pair 
  60 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  3rd 
  pair 
  65 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  4th 
  pair 
  70 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  5th 
  pair 
  74 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  6th 
  pair 
  75 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  7th 
  pair 
  80 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  Outer 
  pair 
  83 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  Other 
  individuals 
  showed 
  that 
  this 
  was 
  the 
  uniform 
  method 
  of 
  moult, 
  by 
  the 
  

   presence 
  of 
  old 
  central 
  rectrices, 
  but 
  in 
  this 
  young 
  bird 
  the 
  evanescent 
  stage 
  of 
  active 
  

   growth 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  tail-feathers 
  gives 
  an 
  unusual 
  opportunity 
  to 
  depict 
  how 
  delicately 
  

   graduated 
  and 
  exact 
  is 
  the 
  phenomenon. 
  

  

  First 
  Year 
  Plumage. 
  — 
  Except 
  for 
  the 
  frequent 
  hints 
  of 
  juvenile 
  pigment 
  which 
  

   occasionally 
  stain 
  and 
  tinge 
  the 
  new 
  feathers 
  in 
  early 
  moulting 
  birds, 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  or 
  no 
  

   difference 
  in 
  the 
  first-year 
  plumage 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  succeeding 
  years. 
  

  

  The 
  statement 
  that 
  the 
  greater 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  black 
  shaft-stripes 
  on 
  the 
  mantle 
  

   feathers 
  and 
  their 
  unusual 
  abundance 
  on 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  plumage 
  is 
  an 
  indication 
  of 
  

   immaturity 
  is 
  an 
  error. 
  The 
  extremes 
  of 
  variation 
  in 
  these 
  respects 
  may 
  characterize 
  

   both 
  birds 
  of 
  the 
  year 
  and 
  very 
  old 
  adults. 
  

  

  SYNONYMY 
  

  

  Satyra 
  macrolopha 
  Less., 
  Diet. 
  Sci. 
  Nat., 
  LIX. 
  1829, 
  p. 
  196 
  ; 
  id. 
  Traite 
  d'Orn. 
  183 
  1, 
  p. 
  493. 
  

  

  Phasianus 
  pucrasse 
  Gray, 
  in 
  Griff, 
  ed. 
  Cuv., 
  III. 
  1829, 
  p. 
  26 
  [Almorah 
  Hills]. 
  

  

  Phasianus 
  pucrasia 
  Gray, 
  III. 
  Ind. 
  Zool., 
  I. 
  1830-32, 
  pi. 
  40; 
  Gould, 
  Cent. 
  B. 
  Himal. 
  1832, 
  pis. 
  69, 
  70 
  ; 
  

   Vigne, 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  1841, 
  p. 
  6 
  [Alpine 
  Punjab]. 
  

  

  Euplocomus 
  pucrasia 
  Jard. 
  Nat. 
  Lib., 
  Orn., 
  IV. 
  1834, 
  p. 
  216, 
  pi. 
  XXI. 
  

  

  Tragopan 
  pucrasia 
  Temm. 
  PI. 
  Col., 
  V. 
  1834, 
  text 
  to 
  pi. 
  15 
  [No. 
  545]. 
  

  

  Eulophus 
  macrolophus 
  Lesson, 
  Comp. 
  Buff., 
  VII. 
  1836, 
  p. 
  354. 
  

  

  Pucrasia 
  macrolopha 
  Gray, 
  List 
  of 
  Birds, 
  1844, 
  pt. 
  III. 
  Gall. 
  p. 
  31 
  [part]; 
  id. 
  Gen. 
  Birds, 
  III. 
  1844, 
  p. 
  503 
  ; 
  

   Hutton, 
  J. 
  As. 
  Soc. 
  Beng., 
  XVII. 
  1848, 
  pt. 
  II, 
  p. 
  694 
  ; 
  Gould, 
  Birds 
  Asia, 
  VII. 
  1854, 
  pi. 
  26; 
  Adams, 
  Proc. 
  Zool 
  

   Soc. 
  1858, 
  p. 
  500 
  [Simla]; 
  Irby, 
  Ibis, 
  1861, 
  p. 
  235 
  [Kumaon] 
  ; 
  Jerdon, 
  Birds 
  India, 
  III. 
  1863, 
  524; 
  Gray, 
  List 
  

   Gallinae 
  Brit. 
  Mus. 
  1867, 
  p. 
  30; 
  Tytler, 
  Ibis, 
  1868, 
  p. 
  203 
  [Simla 
  to 
  Mussooree] 
  ; 
  v. 
  Pelzen, 
  Ibis, 
  1868, 
  p. 
  321 
  

   [Koteghurj 
  ; 
  Beavan, 
  Ibis, 
  1868, 
  p. 
  380 
  [Simla] 
  ; 
  Brooks, 
  Ibis, 
  1869, 
  p. 
  60 
  [Naini 
  Tal, 
  Almorah] 
  ; 
  Gray, 
  Hand-list 
  

   Birds, 
  II. 
  1870, 
  p. 
  258; 
  Elliot, 
  Mon. 
  Phas., 
  I. 
  1872, 
  pi. 
  28 
  ; 
  Elliot, 
  Ibis, 
  1878, 
  pp. 
  125-126; 
  Marshall, 
  Ibis, 
  1879, 
  

   p. 
  463 
  ; 
  Marshall, 
  Ibis, 
  1884, 
  p. 
  422 
  ; 
  Anderson, 
  Jour. 
  Bomb. 
  Nat. 
  His. 
  Soc, 
  IV. 
  1889, 
  p. 
  59 
  ; 
  Grant, 
  Cat. 
  Game- 
  

   birds 
  Brit. 
  Mus., 
  XXII. 
  1893, 
  p. 
  311 
  ; 
  Grant, 
  Hand-book 
  Game-birds, 
  I. 
  1895, 
  p. 
  281; 
  Blanford, 
  Fauna 
  Brit. 
  

   India, 
  Birds, 
  IV. 
  1898, 
  p. 
  84 
  ; 
  Oates, 
  Game-birds 
  of 
  India, 
  I. 
  1898, 
  p. 
  313 
  ; 
  Sharpe, 
  Hand-list 
  Birds, 
  I. 
  1899, 
  p. 
  36 
  ; 
  

   Styan, 
  Ibis, 
  1899, 
  p. 
  298 
  ; 
  Oates, 
  Cat. 
  Birds' 
  Eggs 
  Brit. 
  Mus., 
  I. 
  1901, 
  p. 
  56 
  ; 
  " 
  Pine 
  Marten," 
  Jour. 
  Bomb. 
  Nat. 
  His. 
  

   Soc, 
  XIX. 
  1910, 
  p. 
  797; 
  Finn, 
  Game-birds 
  India 
  and 
  Asia, 
  191 
  1, 
  p. 
  63 
  ; 
  Mitchell, 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc. 
  191 
  1, 
  p. 
  521. 
  

  

  Phasianus 
  macrolopha 
  Blyth, 
  Cat. 
  Mus. 
  As. 
  Soc. 
  1849, 
  P- 
  2 
  45 
  [P 
  art 
  ]- 
  

  

  Pucrasia 
  macrolopha 
  macrolopha 
  Beebe, 
  Zoologica, 
  I. 
  No. 
  15, 
  1914, 
  p. 
  278 
  ; 
  Baker, 
  Jour. 
  Bomb. 
  Nat. 
  His. 
  Soc. 
  

   XXV. 
  191 
  8, 
  p. 
  524. 
  

  

  