
THE HAIRY MAMMOTH. 33 
In our own Jand the Mammoth was associated with the 
Mastodon giganteus. Herds of the Siberian Mammoth found 
their way across Behring’s Straits into Alaska, as their re- 
mains occur in the greatest abundance at Eschscholtz Bay. 
The explorations of Mr. W. H. Dall show how common it 
must have been to the southward in the Yukon Valley. It 
seems to have extended southward in America as far as the 
parallel of 40°, as remains, found at several localities in Can- 
ada, have been referred to this species. 
Professor Leidy has claimed, on partial evidence (a com- 
plete skull not having yet been found), the existence of a 
truly American species of elephant (Elephas Americana), 
representing in the new world the European and arctic 
Hairy Mammoth. This species replaced, in the warmer parts 
of our country, the Siberian elephant. Its remains, like 
those of the mastodon, are found at the bottom of swamps 
and in the upper strata of river sands. It should be borne 
in mind by the reader, that these deposits of river alluvium 
are the most recent of the deposits of the post-tertiary age. 
They should not be confounded, as they often are, with 
the true glacial or drift deposits, which were thrown down 
at an immensely earlier period, so far as known facts teach 
us. In the Northern States, at least, we had the following 
succession of events antedating the appearance of the Amer- 
ican elephants,* including the mastodon, though this does 
not preclude their existence southwards, where the climate 
was hotter. The warm climate of the latest Tertiary (Plio- 
cehe), in which the temperature of New England and the 
Northern States may have been like that of the Gulf States 
at the present day, gave way to the arctic cold that brought 
with it the snows and glaciers of the true Glacial epoch, the 
period which separates the Tertiary from the Quarternary 

*UThe A ilk ia, Texas, and Mexico pes en south, to 
Canada on the north, and to Oregon and California on the w species ap- 
pears to have been most abundant to the south, in the hates i pi caeioe 
a warmer climate than Elephas primigenius.” —(DANA.) 
AMER. NATURALIST, VOL. II. 5 

